Exploring Halo Substructure with Giant Stars: II. Mapping the Extended Structure of the Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

Abstract

As part of our survey for substructure in the Milky Way halo as traced by giant stars, and to look for tidal stellar debris in the halo viable for measurement of the Galactic mass potential with SIM, we explore the distribution of stars beyond the nominal tidal radius of, but still associated with, the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy. We make use of a photometric technique described in Majewski et al. (1999) to identify giant star candidates at the distance and metallicity of Carina across the entire extent of the photometric survey covering some 2.2 deg^2 on and around Carina. These Carina-associated giant candidates are identified by a combination of (1) their M-DDO51 colors, and (2) by locations in the color-magnitude diagram commensurate with the Carina RGB in the core of the galaxy. The density distribution of the extratidal giant candidates is similar to that found from previous statistical star-counting approaches. However, we are now able to pinpoint actual, remotely-situated Carina stars individually. Because we can exclude foreground dwarf stars, our approach allows greater sensitivity and the ability to map the detailed two-dimensional distribution of extended Carina populations to much larger radii, with smaller aperture telescopes, than other techniques. Moreover, we identify candidate lists of widely displaced Carina-associated stars bright enough for spectroscopic studies of large-scale dynamical and metallicity properties of the system, and for astrometric study by SIM. We obtained spectroscopy for three such ``extratidal'' stars and from their radial velocities conclude that all three are associated with Carina.