Low-frequency spin dynamics in the orthorombic phase of La_2CuO_4

Abstract

An effective field theory is derived that describes the low-frequency spin dynamics in the low-temperature orthorombic phase of La_2CuO_4. Restricted to a single CuO_2 layer the effective theory is a simple generalization of the relativistic nonlinear sigma model to include all spin interactions allowed by symmetry. Incorporating a weak interlayer interaction leads to two coupled nonlinear sigma models which provide an efficient description of the complete bilayer dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the weak-ferromagnetic and spin-flop transitions induced by external magnetic fields. The main features of the observed (covert) weak ferromagnetism are thus accounted for in a straightforward manner but some of the finer theoretical predictions would require further experimental investigation. The derived framework is also suitable for the study of the structure and dynamics of magnetic domains in undoped La_2CuO_4.