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Phase-Sensitive Tetracrystal Pairing-Symmetry Measurements and Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry States of High Tc Superconductors

M. B. Walker
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Abstract

A detailed analysis of the symmetric tetracrystal geometry used in phase-sensitive pairing symmetry experiments on high Tc superconductors is carried out for both bulk and surface time-reversal symmetry-breaking states, such as the d+id' and d+is states. The results depend critically on the substrate geometry. In the general case, for the bulk d+id' (or d+is) state, the measured flux quantization should in general not be too different from that obtained in the pure d-wave case, provided |d'| << |d| (or |s| << |d|). However, in one particular high symmetry geometry, the d+id' state gives results that allow it to be distinguished from the pure d and the d + is states. Results are also given for the cases where surface d+is or d+id' states occur at a [110] surface of a bulk d-wave superconductor. Remarkably, in the highest symmetry geometry, a number of the broken time-reversal symmetry states discussed above give flux quantization conditions usually associated with states not having broken time- reversal symmetry.

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M. B. Walker. 2000-04-24. Phase-Sensitive Tetracrystal Pairing-Symmetry Measurements and Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry States of High Tc Superconductors. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.62.11854

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