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Fractionalization in the cuprates: Detecting the topological order

T. Senthil·Matthew P. A. Fisher
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Abstract

The precise theoretical characterization of a fractionalized phase in spatial dimensions higher than one is through the concept of ``topological order''. We describe a physical effect that is a robust and direct consequence of this hidden order that should enable a precise experimental characterization of fractionalized phases. In particular, we propose specific ``smoking-gun'' experiments to unambiguously settle the issue of electron fractionalization in the underdoped cuprates.

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T. Senthil, Matthew P. A. Fisher. 2000-06-30. Fractionalization in the cuprates: Detecting the topological order. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.86.292

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