Effective s- and p-Wave Contact Interactions in Trapped Degenerate Fermi Gases

Abstract

The structure and stability of dilute degenerate Fermi gases trapped in an external potential is discussed with special emphasis on the influence of s- and p-wave interactions. In a first step an Effective Contact Interaction for all partial waves is derived, which reproduces the energy spectrum of the full potential within a mean-field model space. Using the s- and p-wave part the energy density of the multi-component Fermi gas is calculated in Thomas-Fermi approximation. On this basis the stability of the one- and two-component Fermi gas against mean-field induced collapse is investigated. Explicit stability conditions in terms of density and total particle number are given. For the single-component system attractive p-wave interactions limit the density of the gas. In the two-component case a subtle competition of s- and p-wave interactions occurs and gives rise to a rich variety of phenomena. A repulsive p-wave part, for example, can stabilize a two-component system that would otherwise collapse due to an attractive s-wave interaction. It is concluded that the p-wave interaction may have important influence on the structure of degenerate Fermi gases and should not be discarded from the outset.