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Vortex lattice formation in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate

Makoto Tsubota·Kenichi Kasamatsu·Masahito Ueda
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Abstract

We study the dynamics of vortex lattice formation of a rotating trapped Bose-Einstein condensate by numerically solving the two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and find that the condensate undergoes elliptic deformation, followed by unstable surface-mode excitations before forming a quantized vortex lattice. The origin of the peculiar surface-mode excitations is identified to be phase fluctuations at the low-density surface regime. The obtained dependence of a distortion parameter on time and that on the driving frequency agree with the recent experiments by Madison {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 86}, 4443 (2001)].

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Makoto Tsubota, Kenichi Kasamatsu, Masahito Ueda. 2002-01-11. Vortex lattice formation in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.65.023603

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