Energy gap and proximity effect in $MgB_2$ superconducting wires

Abstract

Measurements of the penetration depth $λ(T,H)$ in the presence of a DC magnetic field were performed in $MgB_2$ wires. In as-prepared wires $λ(T,H<130 Oe)$ shows a strong diamagnetic downturn below $\approx 10 K$. A DC magnetic field of $130 Oe$ completely suppressed the downturn. The data are consistent with proximity coupling to a surface $Mg$ layer left during synthesis. A theory for the proximity effect in the clean limit, together with an assumed distribution of the $Mg$ layer thickness, qualitatively explains the field and temperature dependence of the data. Removal of the $Mg$ by chemical etching results in an exponential temperature dependence for $λ(T)$ with an energy gap of $2 Δ(0)/T_c\approx 1.54$ ($Δ(0) \approx 2.61 meV$), in close agreement with recent measurements on commercial powders and single crystals. This minimum gap is only 44% of the BCS weak coupling value, implying substantial anisotropy.