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Image-potential-induced states at metal surfaces

P. M. Echenique·J. M. Pitarke·E. V. Chulkov·V. M. Silkin
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Abstract

The unequivocal observation in the early 1980s of a new class of unnocupied surface states that are bound to the vacuum level of a variety of metal surfaces has led over the last two decades to an active area of research in condensed-matter and surface physics. We discuss the key ingredients of the theory of these so-called image states, which have their origin in the long range nature of the image potential outside a solid.

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P. M. Echenique, J. M. Pitarke, E. V. Chulkov, V. M. Silkin. 2002-07-11. Image-potential-induced states at metal surfaces. https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0207281

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