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Topological Order in the (2+1)D Compact Lattice Superconductor

Anders Vestergren·Jack Lidmar·T. H. Hansson
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Abstract

We study topological aspects of a compact lattice superconductor, and show that the characteristic energy splitting, $Δ$, between almost degenerate ground states, is simply related to a novel order parameter $\tilde W$, which is closely related to large Wilson loops. Using Monte Carlo methods, we study the scaling properties of $\tilde W$ close to the deconfining phase transition, and conclude that $Δ\sim e^{-L/ξ}$, where $L$ is the size of the system, thus giving quantitative support to the vortex tunneling scenario proposed by Wen.

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Anders Vestergren, Jack Lidmar, T. H. Hansson. 2005-01-14. Topological Order in the (2+1)D Compact Lattice Superconductor. https://doi.org/10.1209/epl%2Fi2004-10320-5

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