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Symmetry Breaking and Enhanced Condensate Fraction in a Matter-Wave Bright Soliton

Rina Kanamoto·Hiroki Saito·Masahito Ueda
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Abstract

An exact diagonalization study reveals that a matter-wave bright soliton and the Goldstone mode are simultaneously created in a quasi-one-dimensional attractive Bose-Einstein condensate by superpositions of quasi-degenerate low-lying many-body states. Upon formation of the soliton the maximum eigenvalue of the single-particle density matrix increases dramatically, indicating that a fragmented condensate converts into a single condensate as a consequence of the breaking of translation symmetry.

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Rina Kanamoto, Hiroki Saito, Masahito Ueda. 2005-03-11. Symmetry Breaking and Enhanced Condensate Fraction in a Matter-Wave Bright Soliton. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.94.090404

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