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Dynamics of shallow impact cratering

M. A. Ambroso·R. D. Kamien·D. J. Durian
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Abstract

We present data for the time-dependence of wooden spheres penetrating into a loose non-cohesive packing of glass beads. The stopping time is a factor of three longer than the time $d/v_\circ$ needed to travel the total penetration distance $d$ at the impact speed $v_\circ$. The acceleration decreases monotonically throughout the impact. These kinematics are modelled by a position- and velocity-dependent stopping force that is constrained to reproduce prior observations for the scaling of the penetration depth with the total drop distance.

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M. A. Ambroso, R. D. Kamien, D. J. Durian. 2005-06-28. Dynamics of shallow impact cratering. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.72.041305

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