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Three-dimensional dynamics of vortex lattice formation in Bose-Einstein condensates

Kenichi Kasamatsu·Masahiko Machida·Narimasa Sasa·Makoto Tsubota
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Abstract

We numerically study the dynamics of vortex lattice formation in a rotating cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate. The study is a three-dimensional simulation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a phenomenological dissipation term. The simulations reveal previously unknown dynamical features of the vortex nucleation process, in which the condensate undergoes a strongly turbulent stage and the penetrating vortex lines vibrate rapidly. The vibrations arise from spontaneous excitation of Kelvin waves on the proto-vortices during a surface wave instability, caused by an inhomogeneity of the condensate density along the elongated axial direction.

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Kenichi Kasamatsu, Masahiko Machida, Narimasa Sasa, Makoto Tsubota. 2005-04-23. Three-dimensional dynamics of vortex lattice formation in Bose-Einstein condensates. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.71.063616

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