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Two Dimensional Electron and Hole Gases at the Surface of Graphite

S. V. Morozov·K. S. Novoselov·D. Jiang·A. A. Firsov·S. V. Dubonos·A. K. Geim
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Abstract

We report high-quality two-dimensional (2D) electron and hole gases induced at the surface of graphite by the electric field effect. The 2D carriers reside within a few near-surface atomic layers and exhibit mobilities up to 15,000 and 60,000 cm2/Vs at room and liquid-helium temperatures, respectively. The mobilities imply ballistic transport at micron scale. Pronounced Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations reveal the existence of two types of carries in both 2D electron and hole gases.

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S. V. Morozov, K. S. Novoselov, D. Jiang, A. A. Firsov, S. V. Dubonos, A. K. Geim. 2005-05-12. Two Dimensional Electron and Hole Gases at the Surface of Graphite. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.72.201401

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