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Transition to Superfluid Turbulence

V. B. Eltsov·M. Krusius·G. E. Volovik
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Abstract

Turbulence in superfluids depends crucially on the dissipative damping in vortex motion. This is observed in the B phase of superfluid 3He where the dynamics of quantized vortices changes radically in character as a function of temperature. An abrupt transition to turbulence is the most peculiar consequence. As distinct from viscous hydrodynamics, this transition to turbulence is not governed by the velocity-dependent Reynolds number, but by a velocity-independent dimensionless parameter 1/q which depends only on the temperature-dependent mutual friction -- the dissipation which sets in when vortices move with respect to the normal excitations of the liquid. At large friction and small values of 1/q < 1 the dynamics is vortex number conserving, while at low friction and large 1/q > 1 vortices are easily destabilized and proliferate in number. A new measuring technique was employed to identify this hydrodynamic transition: the injection of a tight bundle of many small vortex loops in applied vortex-free flow at relatively high velocities. These vortices are ejected from a vortex sheet covering the AB interface when a two-phase sample of 3He-A and 3He-B is set in rotation and the interface becomes unstable at a critical rotation velocity, triggered by the superfluid Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.

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V. B. Eltsov, M. Krusius, G. E. Volovik. 2006-08-24. Transition to Superfluid Turbulence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-006-9229-1

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