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Thermodynamics of Solitonic Matter Waves in a Toroidal Trap

L. Salasnich·A. Parola·L. Reatto
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Abstract

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate with negative scattering length confined in a toroidal trapping potential. By numerically solving the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii and Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, we study the phase transition from the uniform state to the symmetry-breaking state characterized by a bright-soliton condensate and a localized thermal cloud. In the localized regime three states with a finite condensate fraction are present: the thermodynamically stable localized state, a metastable localized state and also a metastable uniform state. Remarkably, the presence of the stable localized state strongly increases the critical temperature of Bose-Einstein condensation.

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L. Salasnich, A. Parola, L. Reatto. 2006-09-07. Thermodynamics of Solitonic Matter Waves in a Toroidal Trap. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.74.031603

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