Electronic Charge Order in the Pseudogap State of $Bi_2 Sr_2 Ca Cu_2 O_{8+δ}$

Abstract

Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy is used to examine the $4a$$\times$$4a$ electronic charge order (CO) in the pseudogap (PG) state above {\it T}$_{\rm c}$ on Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CaCu$_{2}$O$_{8+δ}$. It is demonstrated that the static CO develops markedly in the inhomogeneous PG state, while it is very weak in the homogeneous PG state. We suggest that this static CO, which is considered to be stabilized by the pinning of the dynamically fluctuating CO, will remain below {\it T}$_{\rm c}$, together with the inhomogeneous gap structure, and coexist with the superconductivity.