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Knotted Solitons in a Charged Two-Condensate Bose System

Yi-Shi Duan·Xin-Hui Zhang·Yu-Xiao Liu·Li Zhao
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Abstract

By making use of the decomposition of U(1) gauge potential theory and the ϕmapping method, we propose that a charged two-condensate Bose system possesses vortex lines and two classes of knotted solitons. The topological charges of the vortex lines are characterized by the Hopf indices and the Brower degrees of ϕ-mapping, and the knotted solitons are described by the nontrivial Hopf invariant and the BF action, respectively.

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Yi-Shi Duan, Xin-Hui Zhang, Yu-Xiao Liu, Li Zhao. 2007-03-19. Knotted Solitons in a Charged Two-Condensate Bose System. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.74.144508

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