Nonzero Fermi Level Density of States for a Disordered d-Wave Superconductor

Abstract

It has been known for some time that, in three dimensions, arbitrarily weak disorder in unconventional superconductors with line nodes gives rise to a nonzero residual density of zero-energy quasiparticle states N(0), leading to characteristic low-temperature thermodynamic properties similar to those observed in cuprate and heavy-fermion systems. In a strictly two-dimensional model possibly appropriate for the cuprates, it has been argued that N(0) vanishes, however. We perform exact calculations for d- and extended s-wave superconductors with Lorentzian disorder and similar models with continuous disorder distribution, and show that in these cases the residual density of states is nonzero even in two dimensions. We discuss the reasons for this discrepancy, and the implications of our result for the cuprates.