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Chaos, interactions, and nonequilibrium effects in the tunneling resonance spectra of small metallic particles

Oded Agam·Ned S. Wingreen·Boris L. Altshuler·D. C. Ralph·M. Tinkham
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Abstract

We explain the observation of clusters in the tunneling resonance spectra of small metallic particles of few nanometer size. Each cluster of resonances is identified with one excited single--electron state of the metal particle, shifted as a result of the different nonequilibrium occupancy configurations of the other single--electron states. Assuming the underlying classical dynamics of the electrons to be chaotic, we determine the typical shift to be $Δ/g$ where $g$ is the dimensionless conductance of the grain.

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Oded Agam, Ned S. Wingreen, Boris L. Altshuler, D. C. Ralph, M. Tinkham. 1996-11-14. Chaos, interactions, and nonequilibrium effects in the tunneling resonance spectra of small metallic particles. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.78.1956

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