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First and Second Sound Modes of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Harmonic Trap

V. B. Shenoy·Tin-Lun Ho
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Abstract

We have calculated the first and second sound modes of a dilute interacting Bose gas in a spherical trap for temperatures ($0.6<T/T_{c}<1.2$) and for systems with $10^4$ to $10^8$ particles. The second sound modes (which exist only below $T_{c}$) generally have a stronger temperature dependence than the first sound modes. The puzzling temperature variations of the sound modes near $T_{c}$ recently observed at JILA in systems with $10^3$ particles match surprisingly well with those of the first and second sound modes of much larger systems.

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V. B. Shenoy, Tin-Lun Ho. 1997-12-01. First and Second Sound Modes of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Harmonic Trap. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.80.3895

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