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Spiky Phases of Smooth Membranes. Implications for Smooth Strings

H. Kleinert
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Abstract

We point out a possible mechanism by which smooth surfaces can become spiky as the constant of curvature stiffness $κ$ falls below certain critical values. This happens either in a single first-order transition, or in a sequence of two Kosterlitz-Thouless-like transitions. There may also be additional phases in which the spikes form a hexagonal solid-like array or a disordered liquid-like structure. Our discussion suggests that there exist smooth strings between quarks.

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H. Kleinert. 1998-06-30. Spiky Phases of Smooth Membranes. Implications for Smooth Strings. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100510050809

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