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Theory of the pi state in 3He Josephson junctions

J. K. Viljas·E. V. Thuneberg
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Abstract

The flow of superfluid 3He-B through a 65 x 65 array of nanometer size apertures has been measured recently by Backhaus et al. They find in the current--phase relation a new branch, so-called pi state. We study two limiting cases which show that the pi state arises from coupling of the phase degree of freedom to the spin-orbit rotation. The pi state exists in a single large aperture, but is difficult to observe because of hysteresis. A better correspondence with experiments is obtained by assuming a thin wall, where the Josephson coupling between the two sides arises from a dense array of pin-holes.

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J. K. Viljas, E. V. Thuneberg. 1999-07-13. Theory of the pi state in 3He Josephson junctions. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.83.3868

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