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Confinement of Slave-Particles in U(1) Gauge Theories of Strongly-Interacting Electrons

Chetan Nayak
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Abstract

We show that slave particles are always confined in U(1) gauge theories of interacting electron systems. Consequently, the low-lying degrees of freedom are different from the slave particles. This is done by constructing a dual formulation of the slave-particle representation in which the no-double occupany constraint becomes linear and, hence, soluble. Spin-charge separation, if it occurs, is due to the existence of solitons with fractional quantum numbers.

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Chetan Nayak. 1999-12-15. Confinement of Slave-Particles in U(1) Gauge Theories of Strongly-Interacting Electrons. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.85.178

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