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Calorons, instantons and constituent monopoles in SU(3) lattice gauge theory

Christof Gattringer
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Abstract

We analyze the zero-modes of the Dirac operator in quenched SU(3) gauge configurations at non-zero temperature and compare periodic and anti-periodic temporal boundary conditions for the fermions. It is demonstrated that for the different boundary conditions often the modes are localized at different space-time points and have different sizes. Our observations are consistent with patterns expected for Kraan - van Baal solutions of the classical Yang-Mills equations. These solutions consist of constituent monopoles and the zero-modes are localized on different constituents for different boundary conditions. Our findings indicate that the excitations of the QCD vacuum are more structured than simple instanton-like lumps.

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Christof Gattringer. 2003-01-09. Calorons, instantons and constituent monopoles in SU(3) lattice gauge theory. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.67.034507

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