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Coulomb Energy, Remnant Symmetry, and the Phases of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories

Jeff Greensite·Stefan Olejnik·Daniel Zwanziger
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Abstract

We show that the confining property of the one-gluon propagator, in Coulomb gauge, is linked to the unbroken realization of a remnant gauge symmetry which exists in this gauge. An order parameter for the remnant gauge symmetry is introduced, and its behavior is investigated in a variety of models via numerical simulations. We find that the color-Coulomb potential, associated with the gluon propagator, grows linearly with distance both in the confined and - surprisingly - in the high-temperature deconfined phase of pure Yang-Mills theory. We also find a remnant symmetry-breaking transition in SU(2) gauge-Higgs theory which completely isolates the Higgs from the (pseudo)confinement region of the phase diagram. This transition exists despite the absence, pointed out long ago by Fradkin and Shenker, of a genuine thermodynamic phase transition separating the two regions.

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Jeff Greensite, Stefan Olejnik, Daniel Zwanziger. 2004-01-01. Coulomb Energy, Remnant Symmetry, and the Phases of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.69.074506

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