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QCD inequalities for the nucleon mass and the free energy of baryonic matter

Thomas D. Cohen
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Abstract

The positivity of the integrand of certain Euclidean space functional integrals implies that the free energy per unit volume for QCD with a baryon chemical potential $μ_B$ (and zero isospin chemical potential) is greater than the free energy with isospin chemical potential $μ_I = (2 μ_B)/N_c$ (and zero baryon chemical potential). This relation implies a bound on the nucleon mass: there exists a particle X in QCD such that $M_N \ge (N_c m_X)/(2 I_X)$ where $m_X$ is the mass and of the particle and $I_X$ is its isospin.

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Thomas D. Cohen. 2003-06-06. QCD inequalities for the nucleon mass and the free energy of baryonic matter. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.91.032002

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