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arXiv · hep-ph/0502024

Triplicity of Quarks and Leptons

Ernest Ma
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Abstract

Quarks come in three colors and have electric charges in multiples of one-third. There are also three families of quarks and leptons. Whereas the first two properties can be understood in terms of unification symmetries such as SU(5), SO(10), or E_6, why there should only be three families remains a mystery. I propose how all three properties involving the number three are connected in a fivefold application of the gauge symmetry SU(3).

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Ernest Ma. 2005-02-02. Triplicity of Quarks and Leptons. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217732305018293

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