The Energies of All Hadrons(INCLUDING All Known Resonances) and the Energies of the Excited States of Quarks

Mario Everaldo de Souza

Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · hep-ph/9311273

The Energies of All Hadrons(INCLUDING All Known Resonances) and the Energies of the Excited States of Quarks

Mario Everaldo de Souza

View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

By means of a general classification of the different kinds of matter which were formed along the universal expansion, the paper shows that the force of nature form a chain from the world of the prequarks to the galaxies. It is shown that matter has a generalized structured state characterized by some degree of order and by a Lennard-Jones effective potential. The existence of this state at the level of quarks and galaxies suggests that nature has two more fundamental forces, a superstrong interaction which acts among prequarks and quarks, and a superweak interaction which acts among galaxies and clusters of galaxies. Quark confinement is explained from first principles. The energies of all hadrons, including all known resonances, are calculated in a simple manner. The error, for each particle, between calculated and experimental values, is below 5%, in general, and goes as low as 0.5% for some levels. The energies of all the other hadrons(which have not been found experimentally) are predicted. The energies of the excited states of quarks are calculated. According to the work the Higgs boson does not exist, since the masses of hadrons and quarks are generated by an effective potential which comes about from the combination of the strong and superstrong interactions.

Explore related subjects

hep-ph

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

Mario Everaldo de Souza. 1993-11-11. The Energies of All Hadrons(INCLUDING All Known Resonances) and the Energies of the Excited States of Quarks. https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9311273

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Axionic Wormholes in Metric-Affine Gravity

The axion is a promising candidate for solving the strong CP problem. To solve this problem, the global U(1) symmetry must be preserved to a high degree of accuracy. However, it is well known that global symmetries are explicitly violated by quantum gravity effects, giving rise to what is referred to as the axion quality problem. In this paper, we investigate axionic wormholes as a source of explicit U(1) violation in Metric-Affine Gravity. This framework allows for spacetime torsion and non-metricity, which accommodate additional curvature-like and topological terms, such as the Holst and Nieh--Yan terms, that are absent from the metric and Palatini formalisms. We show that non-minimal couplings to these terms modify the wormhole dynamics and enhance the Euclidean wormhole action, thereby alleviating the axion quality problem. We also find that the viable parameter space is enlarged when two of these couplings are simultaneously present. We further identify representative parameter regions where the alleviation of the axion quality problem is compatible with inflationary constraints.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Qubit-Qutrit Quantum Tomography of hadronic $\Lambda\phi$ and $\Lambda K^{\ast 0}$ systems

Quantum-information observables have emerged in recent years as new tools in nuclear and particle physics, from entanglement in top-quark pairs to spin correlations in $\Lambda\bar{\Lambda}$ production. Extending these studies to unequal-spin hadronic final states poses a fundamental challenge: the $6\times6$ density matrix of a qubit-qutrit system contains 35 independent spin parameters, but the decays of $\Lambda V$ pairs, with $V=\phi$ or $K^{*0}$, provide access to only 23 due to the hidden vector polarization from the strong decay. In this Letter, we formulate a qubit-qutrit quantum tomography (QQQT) technique for these spin-$\tfrac{1}{2}\otimes1$ systems and establish exact criteria for entanglement certification from the \textit{incomplete} density matrix. Compared with the $\Lambda\bar{\Lambda}$ system, QQQT of $\Lambda\phi$ and $\Lambda K^{*0}$ provides a new probe of nonperturbative QCD hadronization, enabling a direct comparison of the spin evolution of entangled quark pairs produced from the vacuum as they hadronize into a baryon or a vector meson.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Twist decomposition of exclusive heavy meson production cross sections

We study the twist decomposition of the total cross sections for exclusive heavy vector meson electroproduction and photoproduction in the $\gamma^\ast p$ processes, within the leading logarithmic $1/x$ BFKL formalism. The Mellin transforms of the impact factors of the vector meson are calculated. We show that the higher twist contributions are strongly suppressed in the low-$x$ kinematical regime. Possible enhancement of the higher twists effects for nuclei targets is discussed.

hep-ph↗