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Recurrent dynamical symmetry breaking and restoration by Wilson lines at finite densities on a torus

Chung-Chieh Lee·Choon-Lin Ho
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Abstract

In this paper we derive the general expression of a one-loop effective potential of the nonintegrable phases of Wilson lines for an SU(N) gauge theory with a massless adjoint fermion defined on the spactime manifold $R^{1,d-3}\times T^2$ at finite temperature and fermion density. The Phase structure of the vacuum is presented for the case with $d=4$ and N=2 at zero temperature. It is found that gauge symmetry is broken and restored alternately as the fermion density increases, a feature not found in the Higgs mechanism. It is the manifestation of the quantum effects of the nonintegrable phases.

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Chung-Chieh Lee, Choon-Lin Ho. 2000-10-19. Recurrent dynamical symmetry breaking and restoration by Wilson lines at finite densities on a torus. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.62.085021

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