How Does God Play Dice? (Pre-)Determinism at the Planck Scale

Gerard 't Hooft

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arXiv · hep-th/0104219

How Does God Play Dice? (Pre-)Determinism at the Planck Scale

Gerard 't Hooft

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Abstract

In deterministic theories, one can start from a set of ontological states to formulate the dynamical laws, but these may not be directly observable. Observable are only equivalence classes of states, and these will span a basis of "beables", to be promoted to an orthonormal basis of Hilbert Space. After transforming this basis to a more conventional basis, a theory may result that is fundamentally quantum mechanical. It is conjectured that the quantum laws of the real world may be understood from exactly such a procedure.

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Gerard 't Hooft. 2001-04-25. How Does God Play Dice? (Pre-)Determinism at the Planck Scale. https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0104219

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