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Zero mode in the time-dependent symmetry breaking of $λϕ^4$ theory

Hyeong-Chan Kim·Jae Hyung Yee
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Abstract

We apply the quartic exponential variational approximation to the symmetry breaking phenomena of scalar field in three and four dimensions. We calculate effective potential and effective action for the time-dependent system by separating the zero mode from other non-zero modes of the scalar field and treating the zero mode quantum mechanically. It is shown that the quantum mechanical properties of the zero mode play a non-trivial role in the symmetry breaking of the scalar $λϕ^4$ theory.

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Hyeong-Chan Kim, Jae Hyung Yee. 2003-06-10. Zero mode in the time-dependent symmetry breaking of $λϕ^4$ theory. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.68.085011

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