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arXiv · hep-th/0505251

Energy Landscape of d-Dimensional Q-balls

Marcelo Gleiser·Joel Thorarinson
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Abstract

We investigate the properties of $Q$-balls in $d$ spatial dimensions. First, a generalized virial relation for these objects is obtained. We then focus on potentials $V(ϕϕ^{\dagger})= \sum_{n=1}^{3} a_n(ϕϕ^{\dagger})^n$, where $a_n$ is a constant and $n$ is an integer, obtaining variational estimates for their energies for arbitrary charge $Q$. These analytical estimates are contrasted with numerical results and their accuracy evaluated. Based on the results, we offer a simple criterion to classify ``large'' and ``small'' $d$-dimensional $Q$-balls for this class of potentials. A minimum charge is then computed and its dependence on spatial dimensionality is shown to scale as $Q_{\rm min} \sim \exp(d)$. We also briefly investigate the existence of $Q$-clouds in $d$ dimensions.

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Marcelo Gleiser, Joel Thorarinson. 2006-02-15. Energy Landscape of d-Dimensional Q-balls. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.73.065008

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