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Quantum spin systems at positive temperature

Marek Biskup·Lincoln Chayes·Shannon Starr
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Abstract

We develop a novel approach to phase transitions in quantum spin models based on a relation to their classical counterparts. Explicitly, we show that whenever chessboard estimates can be used to prove a phase transition in the classical model, the corresponding quantum model will have a similar phase transition, provided the inverse temperature $β$ and the magnitude of the quantum spins $\CalS$ satisfy $β\ll\sqrt\CalS$. From the quantum system we require that it is reflection positive and that it has a meaningful classical limit; the core technical estimate may be described as an extension of the Berezin-Lieb inequalities down to the level of matrix elements. The general theory is applied to prove phase transitions in various quantum spin systems with $\CalS\gg1$. The most notable examples are the quantum orbital-compass model on $\Z^2$ and the quantum 120-degree model on $\Z^3$ which are shown to exhibit symmetry breaking at low-temperatures despite the infinite degeneracy of their (classical) ground state.

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Marek Biskup, Lincoln Chayes, Shannon Starr. 2006-07-04. Quantum spin systems at positive temperature. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-006-0135-9

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