Search cost for a nearly optimal path in a binary tree

Abstract

Consider a binary tree, to the vertices of which are assigned independent Bernoulli random variables with mean $p\leq1/2$. How many of these Bernoullis one must look at in order to find a path of length $n$ from the root which maximizes, up to a factor of $1-ε$, the sum of the Bernoullis along the path? In the case $p=1/2$ (the critical value for nontriviality), it is shown to take $Θ(ε^{-1}n)$ steps. In the case $p<1/2$, the number of steps is shown to be at least $n\cdot\exp(\operatorname {const}ε^{-1/2})$. This last result matches the known upper bound from [Algorithmica 22 (1998) 388--412] in a certain family of subcases.