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Dynamical response of the nuclear pasta in neutron star crusts

C. J. Horowitz·M. A. Pérez-García·D. K. Berry·J. Piekarewicz
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Abstract

The nuclear pasta -- a novel state of matter having nucleons arranged in a variety of complex shapes -- is expected to be found in the crust of neutron stars and in core-collapse supernovae at subnuclear densities of about $10^{14}$ g/cm$^3$. Due to frustration, a phenomenon that emerges from the competition between short-range nuclear attraction and long-range Coulomb repulsion, the nuclear pasta displays a preponderance of unique low-energy excitations. These excitations could have a strong impact on many transport properties, such as neutrino propagation through stellar environments. The excitation spectrum of the nuclear pasta is computed via a molecular-dynamics simulation involving up to 100,000 nucleons. The dynamic response of the pasta displays a classical plasma oscillation in the 1-2 MeV region. In addition, substantial strength is found at low energies. Yet this low-energy strength is missing from a simple ion model containing a single-representative heavy nucleus. The low-energy strength observed in the dynamic response of the pasta is likely to be a density wave involving the internal degrees of freedom of the clusters.

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C. J. Horowitz, M. A. Pérez-García, D. K. Berry, J. Piekarewicz. 2005-08-23. Dynamical response of the nuclear pasta in neutron star crusts. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.72.035801

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