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The use of GPS-arrays in detecting shock-acoustic waves generated during rocket launchings

E. L. Afraimovich·E. A. Kosogorov·N. P. Perevalova·A. V. Plotnikov
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Abstract

This paper is concerned with the form and dynamics of shock-acoustic waves (SAW) generated during rocket launchings. We have developed a method for determining SAW parameters (including angular characteristics of the wave vector, and the SAW phase velocity, as well as the direction towards the source) using GPS-arrays whose elements can be chosen out of a large set of GPS-stations of the global GPS network. The application of the method is illustrated by a case study of ionospheric effects from launchings of launch vehicles (LV) Proton and Space Shuttle from space-launch complexes Baikonur and Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in 1998 and 1999 (a total of five launchings). The study revealed that, in spite of a difference of LV characteristics, the ionospheric response for all launchings had the character of an N - wave corresponding to the form of a shock wave, regardless of the disturbance source (rocket launchings, industrial explosions). The SAW period T is 270--360 s, and the amplitude exceeds the standard deviation of TEC background fluctuations in this range of periods under quiet and moderate geomagnetic conditions by factors of 2 to 5 as a minimum. The angle of elevation of the SAW wave vector varies from 30 degree to 60 degree, and the SAW phase velocity (900-1200 m/s) approaches the sound velocity at heights of the ionospheric F-region maximum.

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BibTeXRIS

E. L. Afraimovich, E. A. Kosogorov, N. P. Perevalova, A. V. Plotnikov. 2000-07-13. The use of GPS-arrays in detecting shock-acoustic waves generated during rocket launchings. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(01)00071-2

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