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Electromagnetic pulses which have a zero momentum frame

John Lekner
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Abstract

One set of the Ziolkowski family of exact solutions of the wave equation are shown to represent pulses propagating with momentum smaller than energy/c. This is explicitly demonstrated for special cases by calculating the total electromagnetic momentum and energy. Since the ratio of momentum to energy is a constant smaller than 1/c, there exists a Lorentz transformation to a frame in which the total momentum is zero. In the zero-momentum frame the fields are those of an annular pulse converging onto or diverging from a focal region.

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John Lekner. 2003-04-08. Electromagnetic pulses which have a zero momentum frame. https://doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/5/4/101

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