Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv · physics/0404015

Stochastic analysis of different rough surfaces

Abstract

This paper shows in detail the application of a new stochastic approach for the characterization of surface height profiles, which is based on the theory of Markov processes. With this analysis we achieve a characterization of the scale dependent complexity of surface roughness by means of a Fokker-Planck or Langevin equation, providing the complete stochastic information of multiscale joint probabilities. The method is applied to several surfaces with different properties, for the purpose of showing the utility of this method in more details. In particular we show the evidence of Markov properties, and we estimate the parameters of the Fokker-Planck equation by pure, parameter-free data analysis. The resulting Fokker-Planck equations are verified by numerical reconstruction of conditional probability density functions. The results are compared with those from the analysis of multi-affine and extended multi-affine scaling properties which is often used for surface topographies. The different surface structures analysed here show in details advantages and disadvantages of these methods.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

M. Waechter, F. Riess, Th. Schimmel, U. Wendt, J. Peinke. 2004-11-30. Stochastic analysis of different rough surfaces. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb%2Fe2004-00317-4

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

A Probability Model for Pentagonal Prism Dice Rolls

In the realm of probability theory and game design, the study of dice probabilities plays a crucial role. The featured dice are usually fair, so their probabilities can be predicted without rolling the dice. Pentagonal prismatic dice are not fair. Hence, the probabilities are more complicated. Our mathematical model is naturally derived from both the geometric properties of the dice and empirical evidence. Dice of varying sizes but with constant volume were designed. Using a 3D printer with 100 percent infill, the dice were printed and prepared. A machine that simulates dropping dice through a dice tower onto a hard surface was used to obtain about 41,000 results. From these data, a statistical model was constructed that gives probabilities of dice with varying height-to-radius ratios. The formula for the model is based on the centroid solid angle, but with two adjustment parameters due to varying energy and other requirements to transition between different resting aspects. Within the range of height-to-radius ratios tested, the data are within reasonable statistical error of the model.

physics.data-an↗

Accelerating fits in high-energy physics and beyond

Data analysis in particle physics often involves optimizing a loss function that quantifies how well a theoretical model describes the observed data, in order to estimate the parameters of the model. This is referred to as fitting. As datasets grow larger and more expensive analysis methods are used, the time required to perform this parameter estimation can be a limiting factor. This work explores techniques for accelerating the fitting process, and measures their performance on a set of models representative of a variety of physics fits. We compare the speed and precision of variants of well-known optimization algorithms, namely Newton's method, BFGS, and the Migrad algorithm (commonly used in particle physics fits). We observe significant speedups when using some algorithms: most notably, some variants of BFGS are about ten times faster than Migrad, while achieving the same precision. For quasi-Newtonian algorithms like BFGS and Migrad, we find that the initial value of the Hessian matrix has a large impact on the runtime. We additionally discuss methods for accelerating the evaluation of the loss function and its derivatives, using algebraic simplifications, automatic differentiation, and modern hardware features. We explore techniques for achieving good precision with 32-bit operations, which can achieve significantly higher throughput on the GPU. Lastly we explore efficient parallelization strategies for the CPU and GPU. All of the techniques and algorithms in this paper are implemented in our new FastFit library, which was used for all of our benchmarks.

physics.data-an↗

Elementwise Adaptive Random Search for High-Dimensional Constrained Continuous Global Optimization

We propose a new stochastic method for high-dimensional constrained continuous global optimization without convexity assumptions. The algorithm combines global exploration and local refinement through coordinate-wise adaptive perturbations, whose scale is proportional to the current iterate. We show that global exploration reaches any feasible region with positive probability, while local search benefits from strong concentration properties, enabling efficient decline near optima. Their combination yields convergence to a global minimizer under mild regularity conditions. Applications to LASSO sparsity improvement as well as similar BPDN (Basis Pursuit DeNoising) problems, and to neural network pruning, illustrate the practical effectiveness of the approach.

physics.data-an↗