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"Quantal" behavior in classical probability

K. A. Kirkpatrick
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Abstract

A number of phenomena generally believed characteristic of quantum mechanics and seen as interpretively problematic--the incompatibility and value-indeterminacy of variables, the non-existence of dispersion-free states, the failure of the standard marginal-probability formula, the failure of the distributive law of disjunction and interference--are exemplified in an emphatically non-quantal system: a deck of playing cards. Thus the appearance, in quantum mechanics, of incompatibility and these associated phenomena requires neither explanation nor interpretation.

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K. A. Kirkpatrick. 2003-03-18. "Quantal" behavior in classical probability. https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0106072

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