arXiv subjects

A. Djannati-Ataï

Publications and source records attributed to A. Djannati-Ataï.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2023

HESS J1809$-$193: a halo of escaped electrons around a pulsar wind nebula?

Context. HESS J1809$-$193 is an unassociated very-high-energy $γ$-ray source located on the Galactic plane. While it has been connected to the nebula of the energetic pulsar PSR J1809$-$1917, supernova remnants and molecular clouds present in the vicinity also constitute possible associations. Recently, the detection of $γ$-ray emission up to energies of $\sim$100 TeV with the HAWC observatory has led to renewed interest in HESS J1809$-$193. Aims. We aim to understand the origin of the $γ$-ray emission of HESS J1809$-$193. Methods. We analysed 93.2 h of data taken on HESS J1809$-$193 above 0.27 TeV with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), using a multi-component, three-dimensional likelihood analysis. In addition, we provide a new analysis of 12.5 yr of Fermi-LAT data above 1 GeV within the region of HESS J1809$-$193. The obtained results are interpreted in a time-dependent modelling framework. Results. For the first time, we were able to resolve the emission detected with H.E.S.S. into two components: an extended component that exhibits a spectral cut-off at $\sim$13 TeV, and a compact component that is located close to PSR J1809$-$1917 and shows no clear spectral cut-off. The Fermi-LAT analysis also revealed extended $γ$-ray emission, on scales similar to that of the extended H.E.S.S. component. Conclusions. Our modelling indicates that based on its spectrum and spatial extent, the extended H.E.S.S. component is likely caused by inverse Compton emission from old electrons that form a halo around the pulsar wind nebula. The compact component could be connected to either the pulsar wind nebula or the supernova remnant and molecular clouds. Due to its comparatively steep spectrum, modelling the Fermi-LAT emission together with the H.E.S.S. components is not straightforward. (abridged)

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arXiv2022

A deep spectromorphological study of the $γ$-ray emission surrounding the young massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1

Young massive stellar clusters are extreme environments and potentially provide the means for efficient particle acceleration. Indeed, they are increasingly considered as being responsible for a significant fraction of cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated within the Milky Way. Westerlund 1, the most massive known young stellar cluster in our Galaxy is a prime candidate for studying this hypothesis. While the very-high-energy $γ$-ray source HESS J1646-458 has been detected in the vicinity of Westerlund 1 in the past, its association could not be firmly identified. We aim to identify the physical processes responsible for the $γ$-ray emission around Westerlund 1 and thus to better understand the role of massive stellar clusters in the acceleration of Galactic CRs. Using 164 hours of data recorded with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), we carried out a deep spectromorphological study of the $γ$-ray emission of HESS J1646-458. We furthermore employed H I and CO observations of the region to infer the presence of gas that could serve as target material for interactions of accelerated CRs. We detected large-scale ($\sim 2^\circ$ diameter) $γ$-ray emission with a complex morphology, exhibiting a shell-like structure and showing no significant variation with $γ$-ray energy. The combined energy spectrum of the emission extends to several tens of TeV, and is uniform across the entire source region. We did not find a clear correlation of the $γ$-ray emission with gas clouds as identified through H I and CO observations. We conclude that, of the known objects within the region, only Westerlund 1 can explain the bulk of the $γ$-ray emission. Several CR acceleration sites and mechanisms are conceivable, and discussed in detail. (abridged)

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arXiv2022

Time-resolved hadronic particle acceleration in the recurrent Nova RS Ophiuchi

Recurrent Novae are repeating thermonuclear explosions in the outer layers of white dwarfs, due to the accretion of fresh material from a binary companion. The shock generated by ejected material slamming into the companion star's wind, accelerates particles to very-high-energies. We report very-high-energy (VHE, $\gtrsim100$\,GeV) gamma rays from the recurrent nova RS\,Ophiuchi up to a month after its 2021 outburst, using the High Energy Stereoscopic System. The VHE emission has a similar temporal profile to lower-energy GeV emission, indicating a common origin, with a two-day delay in peak flux. These observations constrain models of time-dependent particle energization, favouring a hadronic emission scenario over the leptonic alternative. This confirms that shocks in dense winds provide favourable environments for efficient cosmic-ray acceleration to very-high-energies.

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arXiv2021

Searching for TeV gamma-ray emission from SGR\,1935+2154 during its 2020 X-ray and radio bursting phase

Magnetar hyperflares are the most plausible explanation for fast radio bursts (FRB) -- enigmatic powerful radio pulses with durations of several milliseconds and high brightness temperatures. The first observational evidence for this scenario was obtained in 2020 April when a FRB was detected from the direction of the Galactic magnetar and soft gamma-ray repeater SGR\,1935+2154. The FRB was preceded by two gamma-ray outburst alerts by the BAT instrument aboard the Swift satellite, which triggered follow-up observations by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). H.E.S.S. has observed SGR\,1935+2154 for 2 hr on 2020 April 28. The observations are coincident with X-ray bursts from the magnetar detected by INTEGRAL and Fermi-GBM, thus providing the first very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray observations of a magnetar in a flaring state. High-quality data acquired during these follow-up observations allow us to perform a search for short-time transients. No significant signal at energies $E>0.6$~TeV is found and upper limits on the persistent and transient emission are derived. We here present the analysis of these observations and discuss the obtained results and prospects of the H.E.S.S. follow-up program for soft gamma-ray repeaters.

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arXiv2021

TeV emission of Galactic plane sources with HAWC and H.E.S.S

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory and the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) are two leading instruments in the ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray domain. HAWC employs the water Cherenkov detection (WCD) technique, while H.E.S.S. is an array of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). The two facilities therefore differ in multiple aspects, including their observation strategy, the size of their field of view and their angular resolution, leading to different analysis approaches. Until now, it has been unclear if the results of observations by both types of instruments are consistent: several of the recently discovered HAWC sources have been followed up by IACTs, resulting in a confirmed detection only in a minority of cases. With this paper, we go further and try to resolve the tensions between previous results by performing a new analysis of the H.E.S.S. Galactic plane survey data, applying an analysis technique comparable between H.E.S.S. and HAWC. Events above 1 TeV are selected for both datasets, the point spread function of H.E.S.S. is broadened to approach that of HAWC, and a similar background estimation method is used. This is the first detailed comparison of the Galactic plane observed by both instruments. H.E.S.S. can confirm the gamma-ray emission of four HAWC sources among seven previously undetected by IACTs, while the three others have measured fluxes below the sensitivity of the H.E.S.S. dataset. Remaining differences in the overall gamma-ray flux can be explained by the systematic uncertainties. Therefore, we confirm a consistent view of the gamma-ray sky between WCD and IACT techniques.

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arXiv2021

Origin and role of relativistic cosmic particles

This white paper briefly summarizes the importance of the study of relativistic cosmic rays, both as a constituent of our Universe, and through their impact on stellar and galactic evolution. The focus is on what can be learned over the coming decade through ground-based gamma-ray observations over the 20 GeV to 300 TeV range. The majority of the material is drawn directly from "Science with the Cherenkov Telescope Array", which describes the overall science case for CTA. We request that authors wishing to cite results contained in this white paper cite the original work.

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arXiv2021

Search for dark matter annihilation signals from unidentified Fermi-LAT objects with H.E.S.S

Cosmological $N$-body simulations show that Milky Way-sized galaxies harbor a population of unmerged dark matter subhalos. These subhalos could shine in gamma-rays and be eventually detected in gamma-ray surveys as unidentified sources. We performed a thorough selection among unidentified Fermi-LAT Objects (UFOs) to identify them as possible TeV-scale dark matter subhalo candidates. We search for very-high-energy (E $\gtrsim$ 100 GeV) gamma-ray emissions using H.E.S.S. observations towards four selected UFOs. Since no significant very-high-energy gamma-ray emission is detected in any dataset of the four observed UFOs nor in the combined UFO dataset, strong constraints are derived on the product of the velocity-weighted annihilation cross section $\langle σv \rangle$ by the $J$-factor for the dark matter models. The 95% C.L. observed upper limits derived from combined H.E.S.S. observations reach $\langle σv \rangle J$ values of 3.7$\times$10$^{-5}$ and 8.1$\times$10$^{-6}$ GeV$^2$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ in the $W^+W^-$ and $τ^+τ^-$ channels, respectively, for a 1 TeV dark matter mass. Focusing on thermal WIMPs, the H.E.S.S. constraints restrict the $J$-factors to lie in the range 6.1$\times$10$^{19}$ - 2.0$\times$10$^{21}$ GeV$^2$cm$^{-5}$, and the masses to lie between 0.2 and 6 TeV in the $W^+W^-$ channel. For the $τ^+τ^-$ channel, the $J$-factors lie in the range 7.0$\times$10$^{19}$ - 7.1$\times$10$^{20}$ GeV$^2$cm$^{-5}$ and the masses lie between 0.2 and 0.5 TeV. Assuming model-dependent predictions from cosmological N-body simulations on the $J$-factor distribution for Milky Way-sized galaxies, the dark matter models with masses greater than 0.3 TeV for the UFO emissions can be ruled out at high confidence level.

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arXiv2021

Probing Dark Matter and Fundamental Physics with the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Astrophysical observations provide strong evidence that more than 80% of all matter in the Universe is in the form of dark matter (DM). Two leading candidates of particles beyond the Standard Model that could constitute all or a fraction of the DM content are the so-called Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and Axion-Like Particles (ALPs). The upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array, which will observe gamma rays between 20 GeV and 300 TeV with unprecedented sensitivity, will have unique capabilities to search for these DM candidates. A particularly promising target for WIMP searches is the Galactic Center. WIMPs with annihilation cross sections correctly producing the DM relic density will be detectable with CTA, assuming an Einasto-like density profile and WIMP masses between 200 GeV and 10 TeV. Regarding new physics beyond DM, CTA observations will also enable tests of fundamental symmetries of nature such as Lorentz invariance.

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arXiv2021

Multi-messenger and transient astrophysics with the Cherenkov Telescope Array

The discovery of gravitational waves, high-energy neutrinos or the very-high-energy counterpart of gamma-ray bursts has revolutionized the high-energy and transient astrophysics community. The development of new instruments and analysis techniques will allow the discovery and/or follow-up of new transient sources. We describe the prospects for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory, for multi-messenger and transient astrophysics in the decade ahead. CTA will explore the most extreme environments via very-high-energy observations of compact objects, stellar collapse events, mergers and cosmic-ray accelerators.

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arXiv2021

Probing extreme environments with the Cherenkov Telescope Array

The physics of the non-thermal Universe provides information on the acceleration mechanisms in extreme environments, such as black holes and relativistic jets, neutron stars, supernovae or clusters of galaxies. In the presence of magnetic fields, particles can be accelerated towards relativistic energies. As a consequence, radiation along the entire electromagnetic spectrum can be observed, and extreme environments are also the most likely sources of multi-messenger emission. The most energetic part of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponds to the very-high-energy (VHE, E>100 GeV) gamma-ray regime, which can be extensively studied with ground based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). The results obtained by the current generation of IACTs, such as H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS, demonstrate the crucial importance of the VHE band in understanding the non-thermal emission of extreme environments in our Universe. In some objects, the energy output in gamma rays can even outshine the rest of the broadband spectrum. The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next generation of IACTs, which, with cutting edge technology and a strategic configuration of ~100 telescopes distributed in two observing sites, in the northern and southern hemispheres, will reach better sensitivity, angular and energy resolution, and broader energy coverage than currently operational IACTs. With CTA we can probe the most extreme environments and considerably boost our knowledge of the non-thermal Universe.

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arXiv2021

Search for dark matter annihilation in the dwarf irregular galaxy WLM with H.E.S.S

We search for an indirect signal of dark matter through very high-energy gamma rays from the Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM) dwarf irregular galaxy. The pair annihilation of dark matter particles would produce Standard Model particles in the final state such as gamma rays, which might be detected by ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. Dwarf irregular galaxies represent promising targets as they are dark matter dominated objects with well measured kinematics and small uncertainties on their dark matter distribution profiles. In 2018, the H.E.S.S. five-telescope array observed the dwarf irregular galaxy WLM for 18 hours. We present the first analysis based on data obtained from an imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope for this subclass of dwarf galaxy. As we do not observe any significant excess in the direction of WLM, we interpret the result in terms of constraints on the velocity-weighted cross section for dark matter pair annihilation as a function of the dark matter particle mass for various continuum channels as well as the prompt gamma-gamma emission. For the $τ^+τ^-$ channel the limits reach a $\langle σv \rangle$ value of about $4\times 10^{-22}$ cm3s-1 for a dark matter particle mass of 1 TeV. For the prompt gamma-gamma channel, the upper limit reaches a $\langle σv \rangle$ value of about $5 \times10^{-24}$ cm3s-1 for a mass of 370 GeV. These limits represent an improvement of up to a factor 200 with respect to previous results for the dwarf irregular galaxies for TeV dark matter search.

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arXiv2020

Observation of a sudden cessation of a very-high-energy gamma-ray flare in PKS 1510-089 with H.E.S.S. and MAGIC in May 2016

The flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) PKS 1510-089 is known for its complex multiwavelength behavior, and is one of only a few FSRQs detected at very high energy (VHE, $E>100\,$GeV) $γ$-rays. VHE $γ$-ray observations with H.E.S.S. and MAGIC during late May and early June 2016 resulted in the detection of an unprecedented flare, which reveals for the first time VHE $γ$-ray intranight variability in this source. While a common variability timescale of $1.5\,$hr is found, there is a significant deviation near the end of the flare with a timescale of $\sim 20\,$min marking the cessation of the event. The peak flux is nearly two orders of magnitude above the low-level emission. For the first time, curvature is detected in the VHE $γ$-ray spectrum of PKS 1510-089, which is fully explained through absorption by the extragalactic background light. Optical R-band observations with ATOM reveal a counterpart of the $γ$-ray flare, even though the detailed flux evolution differs from the VHE ightcurve. Interestingly, a steep flux decrease is observed at the same time as the cessation of the VHE flare. In the high energy (HE, $E>100\,$MeV) $γ$-ray band only a moderate flux increase is observed with Fermi-LAT, while the HE $γ$-ray spectrum significantly hardens up to a photon index of 1.6. A search for broad-line region (BLR) absorption features in the $γ$-ray spectrum indicates that the emission region is located outside of the BLR. Radio VLBI observations reveal a fast moving knot interacting with a standing jet feature around the time of the flare. As the standing feature is located $\sim 50\,$pc from the black hole, the emission region of the flare may have been located at a significant distance from the black hole. If this correlation is indeed true, VHE $γ$ rays have been produced far down the jet where turbulent plasma crosses a standing shock.

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arXiv2020

An extreme particle accelerator in the Galactic plane: HESS J1826$-$130

The unidentified very-high-energy (VHE; E $>$ 0.1 TeV) $γ$-ray source, HESS J1826$-$130, was discovered with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) in the Galactic plane. The analysis of 215 h of HESS data has revealed a steady $γ$-ray flux from HESS J1826$-$130, which appears extended with a half-width of 0.21$^{\circ}$ $\pm$ 0.02$^{\circ}_{\text{stat}}$ $\pm$ 0.05$^{\circ}_{\text{sys}}$. The source spectrum is best fit with either a power-law function with a spectral index $Γ$ = 1.78 $\pm$ 0.10$_{\text{stat}}$ $\pm$ 0.20$_{\text{sys}}$ and an exponential cut-off at 15.2$^{+5.5}_{-3.2}$ TeV, or a broken power-law with $Γ_{1}$ = 1.96 $\pm$ 0.06$_{\text{stat}}$ $\pm$ 0.20$_{\text{sys}}$, $Γ_{2}$ = 3.59 $\pm$ 0.69$_{\text{stat}}$ $\pm$ 0.20$_{\text{sys}}$ for energies below and above $E_{\rm{br}}$ = 11.2 $\pm$ 2.7 TeV, respectively. The VHE flux from HESS J1826$-$130 is contaminated by the extended emission of the bright, nearby pulsar wind nebula (PWN), HESS J1825$-$137, particularly at the low end of the energy spectrum. Leptonic scenarios for the origin of HESS J1826$-$130 VHE emission related to PSR J1826$-$1256 are confronted by our spectral and morphological analysis. In a hadronic framework, taking into account the properties of dense gas regions surrounding HESS J1826$-$130, the source spectrum would imply an astrophysical object capable of accelerating the parent particle population up to $\gtrsim$200 TeV. Our results are also discussed in a multiwavelength context, accounting for both the presence of nearby supernova remnants (SNRs), molecular clouds, and counterparts detected in radio, X-rays, and TeV energies.

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arXiv2020

Search for dark matter signals towards a selection of recently-detected DES dwarf galaxy satellites of the Milky Way with H.E.S.S

Dwarf spheroidal galaxy satellites of the Milky Way are prime targets for indirect detection of dark matter with gamma rays due to their proximity, high dark matter content and absence of non-thermal emission processes. Recently, the Dark Energy Survey (DES) revealed the existence of new ultra-faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the southern-hemisphere sky, therefore ideally located for ground-based observations with the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array H.E.S.S. We present a search for very-high-energy ($E\gtrsim100$ GeV) gamma-ray emission using H.E.S.S. observations carried out recently towards Reticulum II, Tucana II, Tucana III, Tucana IV and Grus II satellites. No significant very-high-energy gamma-ray excess is found from the observations on any individual object nor in the combined analysis of all the datasets. Using the most recent modeling of the dark matter distribution in the dwarf galaxy halo, we compute for the first time on DES satellites individual and combined constraints from Cherenkov telescope observations on the annihilation cross section of dark matter particles in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles. The combined 95% C.L. observed upper limits reach $\langle σv \rangle \simeq 1 \times 10^{-23}$ cm$^3$s$^{-1}$ in the $W^+W^-$ channel and $4 \times 10^{-26}$ cm$^3$s$^{-1}$ in the $γγ$ channels for a dark matter mass of 1.5 TeV. The H.E.S.S. constraints well complement the results from Fermi-LAT, HAWC, MAGIC and VERITAS and are currently the most stringent in the $γγ$ channels in the multi-GeV/multi-TeV mass range.

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arXiv2020

Resolving acceleration to very high energies along the Jet of Centaurus A

The nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A belongs to a class of Active Galaxies that are very luminous at radio wavelengths. The majority of these galaxies show collimated relativistic outflows known as jets, that extend over hundreds of thousands of parsecs for the most powerful sources. Accretion of matter onto the central super-massive black hole is believed to fuel these jets and power their emission, with the radio emission being related to the synchrotron radiation of relativistic electrons in magnetic fields. The origin of the extended X-ray emission seen in the kiloparsec-scale jets from these sources is still a matter of debate, although Cen A's X-ray emission has been suggested to originate in electron synchrotron processes. The other possible explanation is Inverse Compton (IC) scattering with CMB soft photons. Synchrotron radiation needs ultra-relativistic electrons ($\sim50$ TeV), and given their short cooling times, requires some continuous re-acceleration mechanism to be active. IC scattering, on the other hand, does not require very energetic electrons, but requires jets that stay highly relativistic on large scales ($\geq$1 Mpc) and that remain well-aligned with the line of sight. Some recent evidence disfavours inverse Compton-CMB models, although other evidence seems to be compatible with them. In principle, the detection of extended gamma-ray emission, directly probing the presence of ultra-relativistic electrons, could distinguish between these options, but instruments have hitherto been unable to resolve the relevant structures. At GeV energies there is also an unusual spectral hardening in Cen A, whose explanation is unclear. Here we report observations of Cen A at TeV energies that resolve its large-scale jet. We interpret the data as evidence for the acceleration of ultra-relativistic electrons in the jet, and favour the synchrotron explanation for the X-rays.

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arXiv2020

Probing the magnetic field in the GW170817 outflow using H.E.S.S. observations

The detection of the first electromagnetic counterpart to the binary neutron star (BNS) merger remnant GW170817 established the connection between short $γ$-ray bursts and BNS mergers. It also confirmed the forging of heavy elements in the ejecta (a so-called kilonova) via the r-process nucleosynthesis. The appearance of non-thermal radio and X-ray emission, as well as the brightening, which lasted more than 100 days, were somewhat unexpected. Current theoretical models attempt to explain this temporal behavior as either originating from a relativistic off-axis jet or a kilonova-like outflow. In either scenario, there is some ambiguity regarding how much energy is transported in the non-thermal electrons versus the magnetic field of the emission region. Combining the VLA (radio) and Chandra (X-ray) measurements with observations in the GeV-TeV domain can help break this ambiguity, almost independently of the assumed origin of the emission. Here we report for the first time on deep H.E.S.S. observations of GW170817 / GRB 170817A between 124 and 272 days after the BNS merger with the full H.E.S.S. array of telescopes, as well as on an updated analysis of the prompt (<5 days) observations with the upgraded H.E.S.S. phase-I telescopes. We discuss implications of the H.E.S.S. measurement for the magnetic field in the context of different source scenarios.

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arXiv2020

Very high energy $γ$-ray emission from two blazars of unknown redshift and upper limits on their distance

We report on the detection of very-high-energy (VHE; $E > 100$ GeV) $γ$-ray emission from the BL Lac objects KUV 00311-1938 and PKS 1440-389 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). H.E.S.S. observations were accompanied or preceded by multi-wavelength observations with Fermi/LAT, XRT and UVOT on board the Swift satellite, and ATOM. Based on an extrapolation of the Fermi/LAT spectrum towards the VHE $γ$-ray regime, we deduce a 95% confidence level upper limit on the unknown redshift of KUV 00311-1938 of z < 0.98, and of PKS 1440-389 of z < 0.53. When combined with previous spectroscopy results the redshift of KUV 00311-1938 is constrained to $0.51 \leq z < 0.98$ and for PKS 1440-389 to $0.14 \lessapprox z < 0.53$.

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arXiv2020

Detection of very-high-energy γ-ray emission from the colliding wind binary η Car with H.E.S.S

Aims. Colliding wind binary systems have long been suspected to be high-energy (HE; 100 MeV < E < 100 GeV) γ-ray emitters. η Car is the most prominent member of this object class and is confirmed to emit phase-locked HE γ rays from hundreds of MeV to ~100 GeV energies. This work aims to search for and characterise the very-high-energy (VHE; E >100 GeV) γ-ray emission from η Car around the last periastron passage in 2014 with the ground-based High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). Methods. The region around η Car was observed with H.E.S.S. between orbital phase p = 0.78 - 1.10, with a closer sampling at p {\approx} 0.95 and p {\approx} 1.10 (assuming a period of 2023 days). Optimised hardware settings as well as adjustments to the data reduction, reconstruction, and signal selection were needed to suppress and take into account the strong, extended, and inhomogeneous night sky background (NSB) in the η Car field of view. Tailored run-wise Monte-Carlo simulations (RWS) were required to accurately treat the additional noise from NSB photons in the instrument response functions. Results. H.E.S.S. detected VHE γ-ray emission from the direction of η Car shortly before and after the minimum in the X-ray light-curve close to periastron. Using the point spread function provided by RWS, the reconstructed signal is point-like and the spectrum is best described by a power law. The overall flux and spectral index in VHE γ rays agree within statistical and systematic errors before and after periastron. The γ-ray spectrum extends up to at least ~400 GeV. This implies a maximum magnetic field in a leptonic scenario in the emission region of 0.5 Gauss. No indication for phase-locked flux variations is detected in the H.E.S.S. data.

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