arXiv subjects

A. E. Petrov

Publications and source records attributed to A. E. Petrov.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

On the contribution of the bow shock pulsar wind nebula PSR J0437-4715 to the observed fluxes of GeV-TeV positrons and antiprotons

The orbital observatories PAMELA and AMS-02 have detected a significant excess in the cosmic ray (CR) positron flux at energies above several tens of GeV. The measured values exceed those expected in models of secondary origin of positrons due to inelastic collisions of CR nuclei with the interstellar matter. This excess may be due to the annihilation or decay of hypothetical dark matter particles or, alternatively, to the contribution of the nearest pulsars. The measured positron-to-antiproton flux ratio is virtually independent of energy from 60 to 400 GeV. This can be understood if the observed local spectra of positrons and antiprotons in the range of tens to hundreds of GeV are formed by the same source. Fast-moving pulsars form pulsar wind nebulae with bow shocks (BSPWNe), which accelerate both the positrons and electrons of the pulsar wind and the hadrons and leptons of galactic CRs from the interstellar medium via the Fermi acceleration mechanism in colliding flows. Such a system can produce identical particle spectra regardless of the site of particle injection. The nearest to the Earth millisecond pulsar PSR J0437-4715 forms a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) with a bow shock observable in optical and ultraviolet wavelengths. This BSPWN is a possible candidate for the main near-Earth ``factory'' of antiparticles along with the Geminga PWN. Considering PSR J0437-4715, we provide the Monte Carlo simulations of particle acceleration in its BSPWN and the analytical model of anisotropic diffusion in the local interstellar medium. We show that this pulsar's contribution can explain the observed positron flux from 30 GeV to 1 TeV, and simultaneously the antiproton flux at hundreds of GeV with an almost energy-independent positron-to-antiproton flux ratio using $\sim 25\%$ of the PSR J0437-4715 pulsar wind power to accelerate positrons and electrons and re-accelerate antiprotons.

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arXiv2026

How many VHE gamma-ray binaries with young pulsars can be observed?

A population of Galactic gamma-ray binaries is currently emerging due to ever increasing sensitivity of gamma-ray observatories. The detection of very high energy (VHE) photons with energies well above 10 TeV from a dozen of sources and the estimated power of those sources make them potentially interesting cosmic ray accelerators. Multi-wavelength observations of gamma-ray binaries revealed that most of them include a young massive star in pair with a relativistic companion, either a black hole or energetic pulsar. Fast stellar winds interacting with powerful relativistic outflows from pulsars or the black hole jets in microquasars are favorable sites for VHE particle acceleration. To estimate the expected number of gamma-ray binaries, we present results of population synthesis calculations of Galactic binaries in which a young massive OB- or Be-star is accompanied by a pulsar capable of producing a powerful relativistic outflow. The distributions over the binary eccentricities, orbital periods, Be-disk inclinations, and the pulsar braking energy losses are taken into account. Conditions for a binary to accelerate VHE particles, radiate and absorb the non-thermal photons that may reach the observer are discussed. We model the anisotropic structure of the zone of interaction of the relativistic pulsar wind with the strongly magnetized massive star's wind. The stellar winds with strong ($\sim$ Gauss) magnetic fields at $\sim$ AU distances colliding with powerful pulsar outflows are capable of accelerating particles up to PeV energies at some orbital configurations and phases. The strong magnetic field in the interaction region produces a highly anisotropic structure of the particle accelerator and emitter in the pulsar outflow. The anisotropic radiation pattern may affect the gamma-ray photon absorption and the number of the observed gamma-ray loud systems.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2026

Relativistic astrospheres of gamma-ray binaries: modeling of non-thermal processes

A long standing problem in high energy astrophysics is the nature of galactic accelerators of particles with energies above PeV. Such objects are sources of galactic cosmic rays and can produce PeV-regime photons observed by ground-based observatories. Among very likely accelerators are astrospheres of pulsars in gamma-ray binaries. These binaries have long been observed as bright sources of TeV gamma-rays. Recently, 2D relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (rMHD) simulations have shown that the astrospheres can accelerate particles to energies well above PeV, provided that they harbor a Gauss-range magnetic field. Such a strong field is necessary in the region of two colliding winds: the relativistic outflow of the pulsar or accreting black hole and the wind of its stellar companion, a massive early-type star. Here, the wind collision region is explored as the site of PeV protons acceleration. The local structure of colliding flows is illustrated using rMHD simulations of a powerful pulsar wind in 2D and 3D models. The relativistic outflow of a pulsar or black hole, evolving inside the strongly magnetized stellar wind, have an elongated shape and surrounded by a kind of magnetic cocoon providing favorable conditions for acceleration of ultra high energy ions. The simulated spectra of particles, accelerated by intermittent relativistic turbulence in these systems, have piece-wise power-law shape and extend well above PeV energies for powerful outflows. The model indicated that gamma-ray binaries harboring a powerful relativistic outflow, produced either by a pulsar or accreting black hole, can be bright sources of synchrotron MeV-regime photons and multi-PeV regime gamma-rays, as recently detected from galactic microquasars like Cyg X-3. The Gauss-range magnetic field of a massive star wind strongly influences the non-thermal emission of gamma-ray binaries with relativistic companions.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2024

PeV proton acceleration in Gamma-ray Binaries

Current generation of ground based gamma-ray telescopes observed dozens of sources of photons above 100 TeV. Supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae, young stellar clusters and superbubbles are considered as possible sites of PeV-regime particles producing the radiation. Another possible source of PeV particles could be gamma-ray binary systems. In these systems, a strong relativistic outflow from a compact object (neutron star or black hole) collides with the dense wind from a massive companion early-type star. Gamma-ray binaries are observed from radio to high energy gamma-rays as luminous non-thermal sources. Apart from acceleration of very high energy leptons producing most of the non-thermal radiation, these systems may also efficiently accelerate protons. We present here the results of numerical simulation of the PeV-regime proton acceleration in gamma-ray binaries. The simulation is based on relativistic MHD modeling of local flows of magnetized plasma in the region of interaction of two colliding winds. We then inject 0.1 PeV protons into the system and directly follow their trajectories to demonstrate that they are accelerated to energies above PeV. High magnetization of the wind of the young massive star providing a Gauss range field in the winds interaction region is of paramount importance for the acceleration of protons above PeV. The maximum energies of protons accelerated by colliding winds in gamma ray binaries can significantly exceed the energy of the pulsar potential's drop, which limits from above the energy of particles accelerated by an isolated pulsar.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2021

PeV photon and neutrino flares from galactic gamma-ray binaries

The high-energy radiation from short period binaries containing a massive star with a compact relativistic companion was detected from radio to TeV gamma rays. We show here that PeV regime protons can be efficiently accelerated in the regions of collision of relativistic outflows of a compact object with stellar winds in these systems. The accelerated proton spectra in the presented Monte Carlo model have an upturn in the PeV regime and can provide very hard spectra of sub-PeV photons and neutrinos by photo-meson processes in the stellar radiation field. Recent report of a possible sub-PeV gamma-ray flare in coincidence with a high-energy neutrino can be understood in the frame of this model. The gamma-ray binaries may contribute substantially to the Galactic component of the detected high-energy neutrino flux.

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arXiv2021

Phase-resolved hard X-ray emission of the high-mass binary LS 5039: a spectral hardening above 50 keV detected with INTEGRAL

Aims: LS 5039 is an enigmatic high-mass gamma-ray binary which hosts a powerful O6.5V companion, but the nature of the compact object is still to be established using multi-wavelength observations. Methods: We analyzed phase-resolved multi-instrument spectra of nonthermal emission from LS 5039 in order to produce reliable spectral models, which can be further employed to select between various scenarios and theoretical models of the binary. Results: The combined phase-resolved hard X-ray and MeV-range gamma-ray spectra obtained with XMM-Newton, Suzaku, NuSTAR, INTEGRAL, and COMPTEL indicate a meaningful spectral hardening above 50~keV. The spectral break observed in both major phases of the binary may indicate the presence of a hardening in the spectrum of accelerated leptons which could originate from the interaction of wind from the O6.5V companion star with the relativistic outflow from a yet unidentified compact object.

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arXiv2019

GeV-TeV Cosmic Ray Leptons in the Solar System from the Bow Shock Wind Nebula of the Nearest Millisecond Pulsar J0437-4715

We consider acceleration of leptons up to GeV-TeV energies in the bow shock wind nebula of PSR J0437-4715 and their subsequent diffusion through the interstellar magnetic fields. The leptons accelerated at the pulsar wind termination surface are injected into re-acceleration in colliding shock flows. Modelled spectra of synchrotron emission from the accelerated electrons and positrons are consistent with the far-ultraviolet and X-ray observations of the nebula carried out with the Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory. These observations are employed to constrain the absolute fluxes of relativistic leptons, which are escaping from the nebula and eventually reaching the Solar System after energy-dependent diffusion through the local interstellar medium accompanied by synchrotron and Compton losses. It is shown that accelerated leptons from the nebula of PSR J0437-4715 can be responsible both for the enhancement of the positron fraction above a few GeV detected by PAMELA and AMS-02 spectrometers and for the TeV range lepton fluxes observed with H.E.S.S., VERITAS, Fermi, CALET, and DAMPE.

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arXiv2017

Pulsar wind nebulae with bow shocks: non-thermal radiation and cosmic ray leptons

Pulsars with high spin-down power produce relativistic winds radiating a fraction of the power in the range from radio to gamma-rays in the pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). The rest of the power is dissipated in the interactions of the PWNe with the interstellar medium (ISM). Some of the PWNe are moving relative to the ISM with supersonic speeds producing bow shocks. In this case, the ultrarelativistic particles accelerated at the termination surface of the pulsar wind may be reaccelerated in the converging flow system formed by the outflow from the wind termination shock and the inflow from the bow shock. An outcome of this reacceleration is the creation of particle distributions with hard spectra, such as required to explain the observed synchrotron spectra with photon indices Gamma <~ 1.5. The presence of this hard component is specific to PWNe with bow shocks (BSPWNe). The accelerated particles may end up containing a substantial fraction of the shock ram pressure. For typical ISM and pulsar parameters, the positrons released by these systems are numerous enough to contribute a substantial fraction of the positrons detected as galactic cosmic ray particles above few tens and up to several hundred GeV. The escape of ultrarelativistic particles from a BSPWN and its appearance in the far-UV and X-ray bands is determined by the directions of the interstellar magnetic field, the velocity of the astrosphere and the pulsar rotation axis. In this respect we review the observed appearance and multiwavelength spectra of three different types of BSPWNe: PSR J0437-4715, the Guitar and Lighthouse nebulae, and Vela-like objects. We argue that high resolution imaging of such objects provides unique information on pulsar winds and on the ISM. We discuss the interpretation of imaging observations and estimate the BSPWN contribution to the positron flux observed at the Earth. (ABRIDGED)

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