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A. Freitas

Publications and source records attributed to A. Freitas.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2025

Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study Report: Volume 1, Physics, Experiments, Detectors

Volume 1 of the FCC Feasibility Report presents an overview of the physics case, experimental programme, and detector concepts for the Future Circular Collider (FCC). This volume outlines how FCC would address some of the most profound open questions in particle physics, from precision studies of the Higgs and EW bosons and of the top quark, to the exploration of physics beyond the Standard Model. The report reviews the experimental opportunities offered by the staged implementation of FCC, beginning with an electron-positron collider (FCC-ee), operating at several centre-of-mass energies, followed by a hadron collider (FCC-hh). Benchmark examples are given of the expected physics performance, in terms of precision and sensitivity to new phenomena, of each collider stage. Detector requirements and conceptual designs for FCC-ee experiments are discussed, as are the specific demands that the physics programme imposes on the accelerator in the domains of the calibration of the collision energy, and the interface region between the accelerator and the detector. The report also highlights advances in detector, software and computing technologies, as well as the theoretical tools /reconstruction techniques that will enable the precision measurements and discovery potential of the FCC experimental programme. This volume reflects the outcome of a global collaborative effort involving hundreds of scientists and institutions, aided by a dedicated community-building coordination, and provides a targeted assessment of the scientific opportunities and experimental foundations of the FCC programme.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2025

Future Circular Collider Feasibility Study Report: Volume 3, Civil Engineering, Implementation and Sustainability

Volume 3 of the FCC Feasibility Report presents studies related to civil engineering, the development of a project implementation scenario, and environmental and sustainability aspects. The report details the iterative improvements made to the civil engineering concepts since 2018, taking into account subsurface conditions, accelerator and experiment requirements, and territorial considerations. It outlines a technically feasible and economically viable civil engineering configuration that serves as the baseline for detailed subsurface investigations, construction design, cost estimation, and project implementation planning. Additionally, the report highlights ongoing subsurface investigations in key areas to support the development of an improved 3D subsurface model of the region. The report describes development of the project scenario based on the 'avoid-reduce-compensate' iterative optimisation approach. The reference scenario balances optimal physics performance with territorial compatibility, implementation risks, and costs. Environmental field investigations covering almost 600 hectares of terrain - including numerous urban, economic, social, and technical aspects - confirmed the project's technical feasibility and contributed to the preparation of essential input documents for the formal project authorisation phase. The summary also highlights the initiation of public dialogue as part of the authorisation process. The results of a comprehensive socio-economic impact assessment, which included significant environmental effects, are presented. Even under the most conservative and stringent conditions, a positive benefit-cost ratio for the FCC-ee is obtained. Finally, the report provides a concise summary of the studies conducted to document the current state of the environment.

physics.acc-ph↗
arXiv2025

United States Muon Collider Community White Paper for the European Strategy for Particle Physics Update

This document is being submitted to the 2024-2026 European Strategy for Particle Physics Update (ESPPU) process on behalf of the US Muon Collider community, with its preparation coordinated by the interim US Muon Collider Coordination Group. The US Muon Collider Community comprises a few hundred American scientists. The purpose of the document is to inform ESPPU about the US plans for Muon Collider research and development (R&D), explain how these efforts align with the broader international R&D initiatives, and present the US community vision for the future realization of this transformative project.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2022

Evaluating the Predictive Performance of Positive-Unlabelled Classifiers: a brief critical review and practical recommendations for improvement

Positive-Unlabelled (PU) learning is a growing area of machine learning that aims to learn classifiers from data consisting of labelled positive and unlabelled instances. Whilst much work has been done proposing methods for PU learning, little has been written on the subject of evaluating these methods. Many popular standard classification metrics cannot be precisely calculated due to the absence of fully labelled data, so alternative approaches must be taken. This short commentary paper critically reviews the main PU learning evaluation approaches and the choice of predictive accuracy measures in 51 articles proposing PU classifiers and provides practical recommendations for improvements in this area.

cs.LG↗
arXiv2021

Precise Prediction for the W-Boson Mass in the Standard Model

The presently most accurate prediction for the W-boson mass in the Standard Model is obtained by combining the complete two-loop result with the known higher-order QCD and electroweak corrections. The numerical impact of the different contributions is analysed in detail. A simple parametrisation of the full result is presented, which approximates the full result for M_W to better than 0.5 MeV for 10 GeV < M_H < 1 TeV if the other parameters are varied within their combined 2 sigma region around their experimental central values. The different sources of remaining theoretical uncertainties are investigated. Their effect on the prediction of M_W is estimated to be about 4 MeV for M_H < 300 GeV.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2020

Higher-order electroweak corrections to the partial widths and branching ratios of the Z boson

Recently, the calculation of fermionic electroweak two-loop corrections to the total width of the Z boson and hadronic Z-peak cross-section in the Standard Model has been presented in arXiv:1310.2256, where "fermionic" refers to diagrams with closed fermion loops. Here, these results are complemented by presenting contributions of the same order for the Z-boson partial widths, which are the last missing pieces for a complete description of Z-pole physics at the fermionic two-loop order. The definition of the relevant observables and the calculational techniques are described in detail. Numerical results are presented conveniently in terms of simple parametrization formulae. Finally, the remaining theoretical uncertainties from missing higher-order corrections are analyzed and found to be small compared to the current experimental errors.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2019

Theoretical uncertainties for electroweak and Higgs-boson precision measurements at FCC-ee

Due to the high anticipated experimental precision at the Future Circular Collider FCC-ee (or other proposed $e^+e^-$ colliders, such as ILC, CLIC, or CEPC) for electroweak and Higgs-boson precision measurements, theoretical uncertainties may have, if unattended, an important impact on the interpretation of these measurements within the Standard Model (SM), and thus on constraints on new physics. Current theory uncertainties, which would dominate the total uncertainty, need to be strongly reduced through future advances in the calculation of multi-loop radiative corrections together with improved experimental and theoretical control of the precision of SM input parameters. This document aims to provide an estimate of the required improvement in calculational accuracy in view of the anticipated high precision at the FCC-ee. For the most relevant electroweak and Higgs-boson precision observables we evaluate the corresponding quantitative impact.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2019

Standard Model Theory for the FCC-ee Tera-Z stage

The future 100-km circular collider FCC at CERN is planned to operate in one of its modes as an electron-positron FCC-ee machine. We give an overview comparing the theoretical status to the experimental demands of one of four foreseen FCC-ee operating stages, Z-boson resonance energy physics, called the FCC-ee Tera-Z stage for short. The FCC-ee Tera-Z will deliver the highest integrated luminosities as well as very small systematic errors for a study of the Standard Model (SM) with unprecedented precision. In fact, the FCC-ee Tera-Z will allow the study of at least one more perturbative order in quantum field theory compared to the LEP/SLC precision. The real problem is that the present precision of theoretical calculations of the various SM observables does not match that of the anticipated experimental measurements. The bottle-necks to overcoming this situation are identified. In particular, the issues of precise QED unfolding and the correct calculation of SM pseudo-observables are critically reviewed. In an Executive Summary, we specify which basic theoretical calculations are needed to meet the strong experimental expectations at the FCC-ee Tera-Z. Several methods, techniques and tools needed for higher-order multi-loop calculations are presented. By inspection of the Z-boson partial and total decay width analyses, it is argued that at the beginning of operation of the FCC-ee Tera-Z, the theory predictions may be tuned to be precise enough not to limit the physics interpretation of the measurements. This statement is based on anticipated progress in analytical and numerical calculations of multi-loop and multi-scale Feynman integrals and on the completion of two-loop electroweak radiative corrections to the SM pseudo-observables this year. However, the above statement is conditional as the theoretical issues demand a very dedicated and focused investment by the community.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2017

TVID: Three-loop Vacuum Integrals from Dispersion relations

TVID is a program for the numerical evaluation of general three-loop vacuum integrals with arbitrary masses. It consists of two parts. An algebraic module, implemented in Mathematica, performs the separation of the divergent pieces of the master integrals and identifies special cases. The numerical module, implemented in C, carries out the numerical integration of the finite pieces. In this note, the structure of the program is explained and a few usage examples are given.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2016

30 years, some 700 integrals, and 1 dessert, or: Electroweak two-loop corrections to the Zbb vertex

The one-loop corrections to the weak mixing angle $\sin^2θ_{eff}^b$ derived from the $Z{\bar b}b$ vertex, are known since 1985. It took another 30 years to calculate the complete electroweak two-loop corrections to $\sin^2θ_{eff}^b$. The main obstacle was the calculation of the O(700) bosonic two-loop vertex integrals with up to three mass scales, at $s=M_Z^2$. We did not perform the usual integral reduction and master evaluation, but chose a completely numerical approach, using two different calculational chains. One method relies on publicly available sector decomposition implementations. Further, we derived Mellin-Barnes (MB) representations, exploring the publicly available MB suite. We had to supplement the MB suite by two new packages: AMBRE~3, a Mathematica program, for the efficient treatment of non-planar integrals and MBnumerics for advanced numerics in the Minkowskian space-time. Our preliminary result for LL2016, the "dessert", for the electroweak bosonic two-loop contributions to $\sin^2θ_{eff}^b$ is: $Δ\sin^2θ_{eff}^{b(α^2,\rm bos)} = \sin^2θ_W ~ Δκ_b^{(α^2,bos)}$, with $Δκ_b^{(α^2,bos)} = -1.0276 x 10^{-4}$. This contribution is about a quarter of the corresponding fermionic corrections and of about the same magnitude as several of the known higher-order QCD corrections. The $\sin^2θ_{eff}^b$ is now predicited in the Standard Model with a relative error of $10^{-4}$ [1].

hep-ph↗
arXiv2015

Physics at the e+ e- Linear Collider

A comprehensive review of physics at an e+e- Linear Collider in the energy range of sqrt{s}=92 GeV--3 TeV is presented in view of recent and expected LHC results, experiments from low energy as well as astroparticle physics.The report focuses in particular on Higgs boson, Top quark and electroweak precision physics, but also discusses several models of beyond the Standard Model physics such as Supersymmetry, little Higgs models and extra gauge bosons. The connection to cosmology has been analyzed as well.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2014

Electroweak precision tests in the LHC era and Z-decay form factors at two-loop level

The current status of electroweak precision tests after the discovery of the Higgs boson is reviewed, both from a phenomenological and from a theoretical point of view. Predictions for all Z-pole quantities are now available at the complete fermionic two-loop order within the Standard Model. The calculation of these corrections is described based on the example of the total Z-boson width. Finally, an outlook on the experimental improvements and theoretical challenges for a future high-luminosity e+e- collider is given.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2014

Precision Measurements of Higgs Couplings: Implications for New Physics Scales

The measured properties of the recently discovered Higgs boson are in good agreement with predictions from the Standard Model. However, small deviations in the Higgs couplings may manifest themselves once the currently large uncertainties will be improved as part of the LHC program and at a future Higgs factory. We review typical new physics scenarios that lead to observable modifications of the Higgs interactions. They can be divided into two broad categories: mixing effects as in portal models or extended Higgs sectors, and vertex loop effects from new matter or gauge fields. In each model we relate coupling deviations to their effective new physics scale. It turns out that with percent level precision the Higgs couplings will be sensitive to the multi-TeV regime.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2014

Two-loop fermionic electroweak corrections to the Z-boson width and production rate

Improved predictions for the Z-boson decay width and the hadronic Z-peak cross-section within the Standard Model are presented, based on a complete calculation of electroweak two-loop corrections with closed fermion loops. Compared to previous partial results, the predictions for the Z width and hadronic cross-section shift by about 0.6 MeV and 0.004 nb, respectively. Compact parametrization formulae are provided, which approximate the full results to better than 4 ppm.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2013

Study of Electroweak Interactions at the Energy Frontier

With the discovery of the Higgs boson, the spectrum of particles in the Standard Model (SM) is complete. It is more important than ever to perform precision measurements and to test for deviations from SM predictions in the electroweak sector. In this report, we investigate two themes in the arena of precision electroweak measurements: the electroweak precision observables (EWPOs) that test the particle content and couplings in the SM and the minimal supersymmetric SM, and the measurements involving multiple gauge bosons in the final state which provide unique probes of the basic tenets of electroweak symmetry breaking. Among the important EWPOs we focus our discussion on M_W and sin^2 theta_eff^l, and on anomalous quartic gauge couplings probed by triboson production and vector boson scattering. We investigate the thresholds of precision that need to be achieved in order to be sensitive to new physics. We study the precision that can be achieved at various facilities on these observables. We discuss the calculational tools needed to predict SM rates and distributions in order to perform these measurements at the required precision. This report summarizes the work of the Energy Frontier Precision Study of Electroweak Interactions working group of the 2013 Community Summer Study (Snowmass).

hep-ph↗
arXiv2013

Electroweak two-loop corrections to sin^2θ(eff,bb) and R(b) using numerical Mellin-Barnes integrals

Multi-loop integrals can be evaluated numerically using Mellin-Barnes representations. Here this technique is applied to the calculation of electroweak two-loop correction with closed fermion loops for two observables: the effective weak mixing angle for bottom quarks, sin^2θ(eff,bb), and the branching ratio of the Z boson into bottom quarks, R(b). Good agreement with a previous result for sin^2θ(eff,bb) is found. The result for R(b) is new, and a simple parametrization formula is provided which approximates the full result within integration errors.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2013

Exploring Quantum Physics at the ILC

We review the ILC capabilities to explore the electroweak (EW) sector of the SM at high precision and the prospects of unveiling signals of BSM physics, either through the presence of new particles in higher-order corrections or via direct production of extra EW gauge bosons. This includes electroweak precision observables, global fits to the SM Higgs boson mass as well as triple and quartic gauge boson couplings.

hep-ph↗