arXiv subjects

A. G. Petukhov

Publications and source records attributed to A. G. Petukhov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

Characterizing low-frequency qubit noise

Fluctuations of the qubit frequencies are one of the major problems to overcome on the way to scalable quantum computers. Of particular importance are fluctuations with the correlation time that exceeds the decoherence time due to decay and dephasing by fast processes. The statistics of the fluctuations can be characterized by measuring the correlators of the outcomes of periodically repeated Ramsey measurements. This work suggests a method that allows describing qubit dynamics during repeated measurements in the presence of evolving noise. It made it possible, in particular, to evaluate the two-time correlator for the noise from two-level systems and obtain two- and three-time correlators for a Gaussian noise. The explicit expressions for the correlators are compared with simulations. A significant difference of the three-time correlators for the noise from two-level systems and for a Gaussian noise is demonstrated. Strong broadening of the distribution of the outcomes of Ramsey measurements, with a possible fine structure, is found for the data acquisition time comparable to the noise correlation time.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2022

Learning Noise via Dynamical Decoupling of Entangled Qubits

Noise in entangled quantum systems is difficult to characterize due to many-body effects involving multiple degrees of freedom. This noise poses a challenge to quantum computing, where two-qubit gate performance is critical. Here, we develop and apply multi-qubit dynamical decoupling sequences that characterize noise that occurs during two-qubit gates. In our superconducting system comprised of Transmon qubits with tunable couplers, we observe noise that is consistent with flux fluctuations in the coupler that simultaneously affects both qubits and induces noise in their entangling parameter. The effect of this noise on the qubits is very different from the well-studied single-qubit dephasing. Additionally, steps are observed in the decoupled signals, implying the presence of non-Gaussian noise.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2021

Removing leakage-induced correlated errors in superconducting quantum error correction

Quantum computing can become scalable through error correction, but logical error rates only decrease with system size when physical errors are sufficiently uncorrelated. During computation, unused high energy levels of the qubits can become excited, creating leakage states that are long-lived and mobile. Particularly for superconducting transmon qubits, this leakage opens a path to errors that are correlated in space and time. Here, we report a reset protocol that returns a qubit to the ground state from all relevant higher level states. We test its performance with the bit-flip stabilizer code, a simplified version of the surface code for quantum error correction. We investigate the accumulation and dynamics of leakage during error correction. Using this protocol, we find lower rates of logical errors and an improved scaling and stability of error suppression with increasing qubit number. This demonstration provides a key step on the path towards scalable quantum computing.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2020

Probing Environmental Spin Polarization with Superconducting Flux Qubits

We present measurements of the dynamics of a polarized magnetic environment coupled to the flux degree of freedom of rf-SQUID flux qubits. The qubits are used as both sources of polarizing field and detectors of the environmental polarization. We probe dynamics at timescales from 5 $μ$s to 5 ms and at temperatures between 12.5 and 22 mK. The measured polarization versus temperature provides strong evidence for a phase transition at a temperature of $5.7\pm 0.3$ mK. Furthermore, the environmental polarization grows initially as $\sqrt{t}$, consistent with spin diffusion dynamics. However, spin diffusion model deviates from data at long timescales, suggesting that a different phenomenon is responsible for the low-frequency behavior. A simple $1/f$ model can fit the data at all time scales but it requires empirical low- and high-frequency cutoffs. We argue that these results are consistent with an environment comprised of random clusters of spins, with fast spin diffusion dynamics within the clusters and slow fluctuations of the total moments of the clusters.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2019

Diabatic gates for frequency-tunable superconducting qubits

We demonstrate diabatic two-qubit gates with Pauli error rates down to $4.3(2)\cdot 10^{-3}$ in as fast as 18 ns using frequency-tunable superconducting qubits. This is achieved by synchronizing the entangling parameters with minima in the leakage channel. The synchronization shows a landscape in gate parameter space that agrees with model predictions and facilitates robust tune-up. We test both iSWAP-like and CPHASE gates with cross-entropy benchmarking. The presented approach can be extended to multibody operations as well.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2019

Backflow Effect on Spin Diffusion Near Ferromagnet-Superconductor Interface

The behavior of spin propagation in metals in various measurement schemes is shown to be qualitatively different than a simple exponential decay - due to the backflow effect on spin diffusion in the presence of interfaces. To probe this effect we utilize the spin sensitivity of an Andreev contact between gold films of variable thickness deposited on top of a spin injector, Co$_{2}$Mn$_{0.5}$Fe$_{0.5}$Si, with the spin polarization of approximately 45\%, and Nb superconducting tip. While the results are consistent with gradually decaying spin polarization as the film thickness increases, the spin diffusion length in Au found to be 285 nm, is more than two times larger that one would have obtained without taking the backflow effect into account.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2017

Multiband Electronic Structure of Magnetic Quantum Dots: Numerical Studies

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) doped with magnetic impurities have been a focus of continuous research for a couple of decades. A significant effort has been devoted to studies of magnetic polarons (MP) in these nanostructures. These collective states arise through exchange interaction between a carrier confined in a QD and localized spins of the magnetic impurities (typically: Mn). We discuss our theoretical description of various MP properties in self-assembled QDs. We present a self-consistent, temperature-dependent approach to MPs formed by a valence band hole. We use the Luttinger-Kohn k.p Hamiltonian to account for the important effects of spin-orbit interaction.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2016

Observation of classical-quantum crossover of 1/f flux noise and its paramagnetic temperature dependence

By analyzing the dissipative dynamics of a tunable gap flux qubit, we extract both sides of its two-sided environmental flux noise spectral density over a range of frequencies around $2k_BT/h \approx 1\,\rm{GHz}$, allowing for the observation of a classical-quantum crossover. Below the crossover point, the symmetric noise component follows a $1/f$ power law that matches the magnitude of the $1/f$ noise near $1\,{\rm{Hz}}$. The antisymmetric component displays a 1/T dependence below $100\,\rm{mK}$, providing dynamical evidence for a paramagnetic environment. Extrapolating the two-sided spectrum predicts the linewidth and reorganization energy of incoherent resonant tunneling between flux qubit wells.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2015

Time-resolved magnetophotoluminescence studies of magnetic polaron dynamics in type-II quantum dots

We used continuous wave photoluminescence (cw-PL) and time resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) spectroscopy to compare the properties of magnetic polarons (MP) in two related spatially indirect II-VI epitaxially grown quantum dot systems. In the ZnTe/(Zn,Mn)Se system the holes are confined in the non-magnetic ZnTe quantum dots (QDs), and the electrons reside in the magnetic (Zn,Mn)Se matrix. On the other hand, in the (Zn,Mn)Te/ZnSe system, the holes are confined in the magnetic (Zn,Mn)Te QDs, while the electrons remain in the surrounding non-magnetic ZnSe matrix. The magnetic polaron formation energies in both systems were measured from the temporal red-shift of the band-edge emission. The magnetic polaron exhibits distinct characteristics depending on the location of the Mn ions. In the ZnTe/(Zn,Mn)Se system the magnetic polaron shows conventional behavior with decreasing with increasing temperature T and increasing magnetic field B. In contrast, in the (Zn,Mn)Te/ZnSe system has unconventional dependence on temperature T and magnetic field B; is weakly dependent on T as well as on B. We discuss a possible origin for such a striking difference in the MP properties in two closely related QD systems.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2015

Magnetic ordering in quantum dots: Open vs. closed shells

In magnetically-doped quantum dots changing the carrier occupancy, from open to closed shells, leads to qualitatively different forms of carrier-mediated magnetic ordering. While it is common to study such nanoscale magnets within a mean field approximation, excluding the spin fluctuations can mask important phenomena and lead to spurious thermodynamic phase transitions in small magnetic systems. By employing coarse-grained, variational, and Monte Carlo methods on singly and doubly occupied quantum dots to include spin fluctuations, we evaluate the relevance of the mean field description and distinguish different finite-size scaling in nanoscale magnets.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2014

Donor Spin Qubits in Ge-based Phononic Crystals

We propose qubits based on shallow donor electron spins in germanium. Spin-orbit interaction for donor spins in germanium is in many orders of magnitude stronger than in silicon. In a uniform bulk material it leads to very short spin lifetimes. However the lifetime increases dramatically when the donor is placed into a quasi-2D phononic crystal and the energy of the Zeeman splitting is tuned to lie within a phonon bandgap. In this situation single phonon processes are suppressed by energy conservation. The remaining two-phonon decay channel is very slow. The Zeeman splitting within the gap can be fine tuned to induce a strong, long-range coupling between the spins of remote donors via exchange by virtual phonons. This, in turn, opens a very efficient way to manipulate the quits. We explore various geometries of phononic crystals in order to maximize the coherent qubit-qubit coupling while keeping the decay rate minimal. We find that phononic crystals with unit cell sizes of 100-150 nm are viable candidates for quantum computing applications and suggest several spin-resonance experiments to verify our theoretical predictions.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2012

Spin ordering in magnetic quantum dots: From core-halo to Wigner molecules

The interplay of confinement and Coulomb interactions in quantum dots can lead to strongly correlated phases differing qualitatively from the Fermi liquid behavior. We explore how the presence of magnetic impurities in quantum dots can provide additional opportunities to study correlation effects and the resulting ordering in carrier and impurity spin. By employing exact diagonalization we reveal that seemingly simple two-carrier quantum dots lead to a rich phase diagram. We propose experiments to verify our predictions, in particular we discuss interband optical transitions as a function of temperature and magnetic field.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2012

On the half-metallicity of Co2FeSi Heusler alloy: an experimental and ab initio study

Co2FeSi, a Heusler alloy with the highest magnetic moment per unit cell and the highest Curie temperature, has largely been described theoretically as a half-metal. This conclusion, however, disagrees with Point Contact Andreev Reflection (PCAR) spectroscopy measurements, which give much lower values of spin polarization, P. Here, we present the spin polarization measurements of Co2FeSi by the PCAR technique, along with a thorough computational exploration, within the DFT and a GGA+U approach, of the Coulomb exchange U-parameters for Co and Fe atoms, taking into account spin-orbit coupling. We find that the orbital contribution (mo) to the total magnetic moment (mT) is significant, since it is at least 3 times greater than the experimental uncertainty of mT. Account of mo radically affects the acceptable values of U. Specifically, we find no values of U that would simultaneously satisfy the experimental values of the magnetic moment and result in the half-metallicity of Co2FeSi. On the other hand, the ranges of U that we report as acceptable are compatible with spin polarization measurements (ours and the ones found in the literature), which all are within approximately 40-60% range. Thus, based on reconciling experimental and computational results, we conclude that: a) spin-orbit coupling cannot be neglected in calculating Co2FeSi magnetic properties, and b) Co2FeSi Heusler alloy is not half-metallic. We believe that our approach can be applied to other Heusler alloys such as Co2FeAl.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2012

Large Stark Effect for Li Donor Spins in Si

We study the effect of a static electric field on lithium donor spins in silicon. The anisotropy of the effective mass leads to the anisotropy of the quadratic Stark susceptibility, which we determined using the Dalgarno-Lewis exact summation method. The theory is asymptotically exact in the field domain below Li-donor ionization threshold, relevant to the Stark-tuning electron spin resonance experiments. To obtain the generalized Stark susceptibilities at arbitrary fields, we propose a new variational wave function which reproduces the exact results in the low-field limit. With the calculated susceptibilities at hand, we are able to predict and analyze several important physical effects. First, we observe that the energy level shifts due to the quadratic Stark effect for Li donors in Si are equivalent to, and can be mapped onto, those produced by an external stress. Second, we demonstrate that the Stark effect anisotropy, combined with the unique valley-orbit splitting of a Li donor in Si, spin-orbit interaction and specially tuned external stress, may lead to a very strong modulation of the donor spin $g$-factor by the electric field. Third, we investigate the influence of random strains on the $g$-factor shifts and quantify the random strain limits and requirements to Si material purity necessary to observe the $g$-factor Stark shifts experimentally. Finally, we discuss possible implications of our results for quantum information processing with Li spin qubits in Si.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2012

Reentrant Formation of Magnetic Polarons in Quantum Dots

We propose a model of magnetic polaron formation in semiconductor quantum dots doped with magnetic ions. A wetting layer serves as a reservoir of photo-generated holes, which can be trapped by the adjacent quantum dots. For certain hole densities, the temperature dependence of the magnetization induced by the trapped holes is reentrant: it disappears for some temperature range and reappears at higher temperatures. We demonstrate that this peculiar effect is not an artifact of the mean field approximation and persists after statistical spin fluctuations are accounted for. We predict fingerprints of reentrant magnetic polarons in photoluminescence spectra.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2012

Magnetic anisotropies of quantum dots

Magnetic anisotropies in quantum dots (QDs) doped with magnetic ions are discussed in terms of two frameworks: anisotropic $g$-factors and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy. It is shown that even a simple model of zinc-blende p-doped QDs displays a rich diagram of magnetic anisotropies in the QD parameter space. Tuning the confinement allows to control magnetic easy axes in QDs in ways not available for the better-studied bulk.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2011

Magnetism in Closed-shell Quantum Dots: Emergence of Magnetic Bipolarons

Similar to atoms and nuclei, semiconductor quantum dots exhibit formation of shells. Predictions of magnetic behavior of the dots are often based on the shell occupancies. Thus, closed-shell quantum dots are assumed to be inherently nonmagnetic. Here, we propose a possibility of magnetism in such dots doped with magnetic impurities. On the example of the system of two interacting fermions, the simplest embodiment of the closed-shell structure, we demonstrate the emergence of a novel broken-symmetry ground state that is neither spin-singlet nor spin-triplet. We propose experimental tests of our predictions and the magnetic-dot structures to perform them.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2009

Robust Magnetic Polarons in Type-II (Zn,Mn)Te Quantum Dots

We present evidence of magnetic ordering in type-II (Zn, Mn) Te quantum dots. This ordering is attributed to the formation of bound magnetic polarons caused by the exchange interaction between the strongly localized holes and Mn within the dots. In our photoluminescence studies, the magnetic polarons are detected at temperatures up to ~ 200 K, with a binding energy of ~ 40 meV. In addition, these dots display an unusually small Zeeman shift with applied field (2 meV at 10 T). This behavior is explained by a small and weakly temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility due to anti-ferromagnetic coupling of the Mn spins.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗