Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

A. J. Burgasser

Publications and source records attributed to A. J. Burgasser.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

J0404+1112: A 3-Hour Eclipsing White Dwarf-Brown Dwarf Probing Multiple Atmospheric Regimes

White dwarf-brown dwarf (WD+BD) binaries are rare laboratories for probing both substellar survival through post-main-sequence evolution and the physics of strongly irradiated atmospheres. We present time-resolved eclipse photometry and radial-velocity confirmation of J0404+1112, a compact ($P = 2.93$ hr), totally eclipsing WD+BD system initially reported in a Research Note of the AAS. New high-cadence observations resolve a total eclipse of the WD and, combined with spectroscopy, broadband photometry, and the Gaia parallax, yield a revised system architecture. We find a hot DA WD with $T_{\rm eff} \simeq 28{,}000$ K, $\log g \simeq 8.0$, $M_{\rm WD} \simeq 0.6 \rm{M}_\odot$, and $R_{\rm WD} \simeq 0.015 \rm{R}_\odot$, orbited by a $\sim40 \rm{M}_{\rm Jup}$ BD with radius $\sim0.9 \rm{R}_{\rm Jup}$. These parameters supersede earlier SED-based estimates in which the WD temperature, radius, distance, and extinction were strongly covariant. We break this degeneracy with normalized Balmer-line profile fitting and high-cadence eclipse photometry that constraints the WD's radius geometrically. The total eclipses enable isolation of the BD flux and constrain its nightside emission. With its short orbital period and strong irradiation, J0404+1112 provides a uniquely compact, high-sensitivity JWST benchmark for probing atmospheric heat redistribution and photochemistry in the temperature regime of the hottest ultra-hot Jupiters, spanning dayside and nightside brightness temperatures of $\sim3{,}600$ K and $\sim1{,}800$ K within a single $\sim$3 hr orbit.

astro-ph.SR↗

TOI-4616 b: a benchmark Earth-sized planet transiting a nearby M4 dwarf

Rocky exoplanets are particularly abundant around M-type stars. Their small radii and low luminosities provide favourable conditions for detecting transiting terrestrial planets and probing their atmospheric properties. We report the discovery and statistical validation of TOI-4616 b, an Earth-sized planet transiting a nearby mid-M dwarf observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We confirm the planetary nature of the signal and determine the system parameters by combining TESS photometry with ground-based multi-band transit observations, high-resolution imaging, and optical and near-infrared spectroscopy. The host star lies at a distance of 28.10 +(-) 0.07 pc and has a radius of 0.1889 +(-)0.0096 solar radii, a mass of 0.1881 +(-) 0.0094 solar masses, and an effective temperature of 3150 +(-) 75 K. TOI-4616 b has a radius of 1.22 Earth radii and an orbital period of 1.55 days. The planet receives an incident flux of approximately 40 times that of Earth, corresponding to an equilibrium temperature of about 525 K. This places TOI-4616 b in a regime intermediate between Earth-sized planets orbiting early M dwarfs and those around ultra-cool hosts. Statistical validation with the TRICERATOPS framework, supported by high-resolution imaging and chromatic transit constraints, yields a false-positive probability of 0.0135, below the recommended validation threshold of 0.015, confirming TOI-4616 b as a validated planet. Owing to its proximity to Earth, well-constrained stellar properties, and extensive multi-band follow-up, TOI-4616 b constitutes a valuable benchmark system for comparative studies of terrestrial planets around mid-M dwarfs and for future atmospheric investigations.

astro-ph.EP↗

TOI-1080 b: a temperate, rocky planet orbiting a quiet M4V host

We present the detection and validation of a small, temperate transiting exoplanet orbiting TOI-1080 every 3.9652482$^{+0.0000014}_{-0.0000015}$ days. The host is a quiet M4V star at 25.6 pc. The planet signal was first detected by TESS and validated using TESS and ground-based observations. By fitting the available light curves, the planet radius is measured to be 1.200+- 0.058 Rearth and its equilibrium temperature of 368$^{+12}_{-10}$ K. With NIRPS radial velocities, we are able to place a 3-sigma upper limit on the mass of TOI-1080 b of 10.7 Mearth. Our injection-recovery tests enable us to discard additional transiting planets in the TOI-1080 system with radii down to 0.9 Rearth and periods between 0.5 and 7.7 days, and planets with radii larger than 1.4 Rearth for periods up to 19 days. We demonstrate that it is highly amenable to characterisation of its mass and putative atmosphere. In particular, we find that TOI-1080 b is an exceptional target for the ongoing JWST+HST Rocky Worlds DDT programme, having a priority score that is higher than four out of nine targets currently being investigated by the programme. TOI-1080 b can be added to the sample of nearby benchmark planets accessible for detailed study with JWST.

astro-ph.EP↗

Hidden Gems in TESS: sherlock finds two new rocky planets around nearby M dwarfs

The Hidden Gems project searches the TESS data for additional planets transiting low-mass stars in confirmed systems. Our goal is to identify planet candidates that are below the detection threshold set by the SPOC and QLP pipelines using sherlock, a specialized pipeline for robust detection and vetting of transit signals in TESS data. We present the discovery of two inner rocky planets in the TOI-237 and TOI-4336 A systems, confirmed with ground-based photometry from the TRAPPIST, SPECULOOS, ExTrA, and LCO facilities. TOI-237 c has a radius of 1.21 +/- 0.04Re, orbits its mid-M host star every 1.74 days, and is close to a 3:1 mean-motion resonance with TOI-237 b. TOI-4336 A c has a radius of 1.17 +/- 0.06Re, and orbits with a period of 7.58 days an M3.5 host star which is part of a hierarchical triple system. We performed model comparison to search for non-zero eccentricities, and found that the circular transit models are statistically favored. Dynamical simulations show that both systems are in stable configurations, and the TTVs expected for the TOI-237 system are of the order of seconds. TOI-237 c and TOI-4336 A c join the high-interest population of warm likely super-Earths below the so-called "radius valley". In particular, TOI-237 c is a good candidate for phase curve observations with JWST/MIRI thanks to the small radius of the host star and its short period.

astro-ph.EP↗

Two warm Earth-sized exoplanets and an Earth-sized candidate in the M5V-M6V binary system TOI-2267

We report two warm Earth-sized exoplanets orbiting the close binary TOI-2267 (M5+M6, separation ~8 au). Data from TESS and ground-based facilities confirm the planets, but we cannot determine which star they orbit. The planets have radii of 1.00+/-0.11 R_Earth (TOI-2267 b, P=2.28 d) and 1.14+/-0.13 R_Earth (TOI-2267 c, P=3.49 d) if around TOI-2267A, or 1.22+/-0.29 R_Earth and 1.36+/-0.33 R_Earth if around TOI-2267B. TESS also shows a candidate signal (TOI-2267.02, P=2.03 d, 0.95+/-0.12 or 1.13+/-0.30 R_Earth). Dynamical analysis shows all three cannot orbit one star; the most stable configuration has planets b and c (near a 3:2 resonance) orbiting one star and the candidate the other. This scenario would make TOI-2267 the most compact binary system known to host planets, with both components harbouring transiting worlds, offering a unique benchmark for studying planet formation and evolution in compact binary.

astro-ph.EP↗

TOI-1743 b, TOI-5799 b, TOI-5799 c and TOI-6223 b: TESS discovery and validation of four super-Earth to Neptune-sized planets around M dwarfs

We present the discovery by the TESS mission of one transiting Neptune-sized planet, TOI-6223 b and two transiting super-Earths, TOI-1743 b and TOI-5799 b. We validate these planets using a statistical validation method, multi-color light curves and other ancillary observations. We combined TESS and ground-based photometric data to constrain the physical properties of the planets. TOI-6223-b is slightly larger than Neptune ($R_p=5.12^{+0.24}_{-0.25}$ $R_\oplus$) orbiting an early M dwarf in 3.86 days, and it has an equilibrium temperature of $T_{\rm eq}=714\pm14$ K. TOI-1743 b orbits its M4V star every 4.27 days. It has a radius of $R_p=1.83^{+0.11}_{-0.10}$ $R_\oplus$ and an equilibrium temperature of $T_{\rm eq}=485^{+14}_{-13}$ K. TOI-5799 b has a radius of $R_p=1.733^{+0.096}_{-0.090}$ $R_\oplus$, and an equilibrium temperature of $T_{\rm eq}=505\pm16$ K orbits an M2 dwarf in 4.17 days. We also present the discovery of an additional transiting planet, TOI-5799 c, that we identified in the TESS data and validated using the SHERLOCK pipeline. TOI-5799 c is a super-Earth with a radius of $R_p=1.76^{+0.11}_{-0.10}$ $R_\oplus$. Its orbital period and its equilibrium temperature are 14.01 days and $T_{\rm eq}=337\pm11$ K, which place it near the inner edge of the habitable zone of its star.We show that these planets are suitable for both radial velocity follow-up and atmospheric characterization. They orbit bright (< 11 $K_{mag}$) early M dwarfs, making them accessible for precise mass measurements. The combination of the planet sizes and stellar brightness of their host stars also make them suitable targets for atmospheric exploration with the JWST. Such studies may provide insights into planet formation and evolution, as TOI-1743-b, TOI-5799-b, and TOI-5799-c lie within the so-called radius valley, while TOI-6223-b is located on the Neptunian ridge in the period-radius plane.

astro-ph.EP↗

JWST Imaging of the Closest Globular Clusters -- VI. The Lowest-Mass Objects in M 4 and the Galactic Bulge

We present `James Webb Space Telescope' observations of M4 -- the closest globular cluster -- that probe the lower Main Sequence down to the hydrogen-burning limit. The unveiled stellar sequence reaches much fainter luminosities than previously possible, revealing a few extremely red objects that are consistent with brown dwarfs as cool as T_eff~1000K. However, the lack of a second JWST epoch presently prevents us from verifying the cluster membership of these objects. By cross-matching our data with archival `Hubble Space Telescope' images, we are able to verify cluster membership for a subset of objects down to T_eff~3000K. The observed color distribution indicate that the lower Main Sequence of M4 is likely deficient in oxygen compared to its higher-mass post-Main Sequence members by ~0.5dex. This feature has now been observed in three different globular clusters (M4, NGC6397 and 47Tuc), suggesting a general trend. Finally, we derive the mass function of the Galactic bulge in the background of M4. The mass function was found to have the bottom-heavy slope of alpha=0.88+/-0.36 and appears to terminate at ~0.15 M_Sun, although the latter value may be overestimated due to the limited sample size.

astro-ph.SR↗

Benchmark brown dwarfs -- I. A blue M2 + T5 wide binary and a probable young [M4 + M4] + [T7 + T8] hierarchical quadruple

Benchmark brown dwarfs in wide binary systems are crucial for characterizing substellar objects and calibrating atmospheric and evolutionary models. However, brown dwarf benchmarks with subsolar metallicity, very cool temperatures, or suitability for dynamical mass measurements are rare, limiting our understanding across the full range of mass, age, and metallicity. We present the discovery of two new multiple systems containing T dwarf companions, identified through a targeted search using CatWISE2020 and Gaia catalogues. L 122-88 AB is a wide binary comprising a mildly metal-poor M2 dwarf and a T5 dwarf, separated by 215.6 arcsec at a distance of 33.106+/-0.014 pc. Atmospheric model fitting to the near infrared spectrum of L 122-88 A suggests a mildly metal-poor composition ([Fe/H] = -0.2). UPM J1040-3551 AB is a candidate hierarchical quadruple system at 25.283+/-0.013 pc, consisting of a likely astrometric binary of two M4 dwarfs and a probable unresolved spectral binary of T7 and T8 dwarfs, separated by 65.48 arcsec from the primary. The H-alpha emission detected in UPM J1040-3551 A indicates an age range of 0.3-2.0 Gyr. This age estimate suggests that the T8 component has a mass between 9 and 28 Jupiter masses, potentially classifying it as a planetary-mass object. These systems augment the sample of benchmark brown dwarfs, particularly in the underexplored regime of cool temperature, providing valuable opportunities for refining our understanding of substellar objects.

astro-ph.SR↗

TOI-2407 b: a warm Neptune in the desert

We present the validation of TOI-2407 b, a warm Neptune-sized planet with a radius of 4.26 $\pm$ 0.26 R$_\oplus$, orbiting an early M-type star with a period of 2.7 days and an equilibrium temperature of 705 $\pm$ 12 K. The planet was identified by TESS photometry and validated in this work through multi-wavelength ground-based follow-up observations. We include an observation with the novel CMOS-based infrared instrument SPIRIT at the SPECULOOS Southern Observatory. The high-precision transit data enabled by CMOS detectors underscore their potential for improving the detection and characterisation of exoplanets orbiting M-dwarfs, particularly in the infrared, where these stars emit most of their radiation. TOI-2407 b lies within the boundaries of the period-radius Neptune desert, an apparent scarcity of Neptune-sized planets at short orbits. Further characterisation of TOI-2407 b, such as radial velocity measurements, will refine its position within planetary demographic trends. This system also provides a comparison case for the well-studied Neptune-sized planet Gliese 436 b, of similar radius, period and stellar type. Comparison studies could aid the understanding of the formation and evolution of Neptune-like planets around M-dwarfs.

astro-ph.EP↗

TOI-6508b: A massive transiting brown dwarf orbiting a low-mass star

We report the discovery of a transiting brown dwarf orbiting a low-mass star, TOI-6508b. Today, only ~50 transiting brown dwarfs have been discovered. TOI-6508b was first detected with data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in Sectors 10, 37, and 63. Ground-based follow-up photometric data were collected with the SPECULOOS-South and LCOGT-1.0m telescopes, and RV measurements were obtained with the Near InfraRed Planet Searcher (NIRPS) spectrograph. We find that TOI-6508b has a mass of Mp=72.5+7.6-5.1MJup and a radius of Rp=1.03+/-0.03RJup. Our modeling shows that the data are consistent with an eccentric orbit of 19day and an eccentricity of e=0.28+0.09-0.08. TOI-6508b has a mass ratio of M_BD/Ms=0.40, makes it the second highest mass ratio brown dwarf that transits a low-mass star. The host has a mass of Ms=0.174+/-0.004M_Sun, a radius of Rs=0.205+/-0.006R_Sun, an effective temperature of Teff=2930+/-70K, and a metallicity of [Fe/H]=-0.22+/-0.08. This makes TOI-6508b an interesting discovery that has come to light in a region still sparsely populated.

astro-ph.EP↗

TOI-2015b: a sub-Neptune in strong gravitational interaction with an outer non-transiting planet

TOI-2015 is a known exoplanetary system around an M4 dwarf star, consisting of a transiting sub-Neptune planet in a 3.35-day orbital period, TOI-2015b, accompanied by a non-transiting companion, TOI-2015c. High-precision RV measurements were taken with the MAROON-X spectrograph, and high-precision photometric data were collected several networks. We re-characterize the target star by combining optical spectr, Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) analysis. The TOI-2015 host star is a K=10.3mag M4-type dwarf with a sub-solar metallicity of [Fe/H]=-0.31+/-0.16, and a Teff=3200K. Our photodynamical analysis of the system strongly favors the 5:3 mean motion resonance and in this scenario the planet b has an orbital period of 3.34days, a mass of Mp=9.02+/-0.34Me, a radius of Rp=3.309+/-0.012Re, resulting in a density of rhop= 1.40+/-0.06g/cm3, indicative of a Neptune like composition. Its transits exhibit large (>1hr) timing variations indicative of an outer perturber in the system. We performed a global analysis of the high-resolution RV measurements, the photometric data, and the TTVs, and inferred that TOI-2015 hosts a second planet, TOI-2015c, in a non-transiting configuration. TOI-2015c has an orbital period of Pc=5.583days and a mass of Mp=8.91+0.38-0.40Me. The dynamical configuration of TOI-2015b and TOI-2015c can be used to constrain the system's planetary formation and migration history. Based on the mass-radius composition models, TOI-2015b is a water-rich or rocky planet with a hydrogen-helium envelope. Moreover, TOI-2015b has a high transmission spectroscopic metric (TSM=149), making it a favorable target for future transmission spectroscopic observations with JWST to constrain the atmospheric composition of the planet. Such observations would also help to break the degeneracies in theoretical models of the planet's interior structure.

astro-ph.EP↗

JWST Imaging of the Closest Globular Clusters -- V. The White Dwarfs Cooling Sequence of M4

We combine infrared (IR) observations collected by the James Webb Space Telescope with optical deep images by the Hubble Space Telescope taken approximately 20 years earlier to compute proper-motion membership for the globular cluster (GC) M 4 (NGC 6121) along its entire white dwarf (WD) cooling sequence (CS). These new IR observations allow us, for only the second time in a GC, to compare WD models with observations over a wide range of wavelengths, constraining fundamental astrophysical properties of WDs. Furthermore, we investigate the presence of WDs with IR excess along the WD CS of M 4, similar to the recent study conducted on the GC NGC 6397. We also determine the age difference between M 4 and NGC 6397 by comparing the absolute F150W2 magnitudes of the luminosity function peak at the bottom of the observed WD CS, and find that M 4 is slightly younger, by 0.8+/-0.5 Gyr.

astro-ph.SR↗

CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs IX. Multiplicity from close spectroscopic binaries to ultra-wide systems

Multiplicity studies greatly benefit from focusing on M dwarfs because they are often paired in a variety of configurations with both stellar and substellar objects, including exoplanets. We aim to address the observed multiplicity of M dwarfs by conducting a systematic analysis using the latest available astrophotometric data. For every star in a sample of 2214 M dwarfs from the CARMENES catalogue, we investigated the existence of resolved and unresolved physical companions in the literature and in all-sky surveys, especially in Gaia DR3 data products. We covered a very wide range of separations, from known spectroscopic binaries in tight arrangements $\sim$0.01 au to remarkably separated ultra-wide pairs ($\sim$10$^5$ au). We identified 835 M dwarfs in 720 multiple systems, predominantly binaries. Thus, we propose 327 new binary candidates based on Gaia data. If these candidates are finally confirmed, we expect the multiplicity fraction of M dwarfs to be 40.3$^{+2.1}_{-2.0}$ %. When only considering the systems already identified, the multiplicity fraction is reduced to 27.8$^{+1.9}_{-1.8}$ %. This result is in line with most of the values published in the literature. We also identified M-dwarf multiple systems with FGK, white dwarf, ultra-cool dwarf, and exoplanet companions, as well as those in young stellar kinematic groups. We studied their physical separations, orbital periods, binding energies, and mass ratios. We argue that based on reliable astrometric data and spectroscopic investigations from the literature (even when considering detection biases), the multiplicity fraction of M dwarfs could still be significantly underestimated. This calls for further high-resolution follow-up studies to validate these findings.

astro-ph.SR↗

The Gaia Ultracool Dwarf Sample -- IV. GTC/OSIRIS optical spectra of Gaia late-M and L dwarfs

As part of our comprehensive, ongoing characterisation of the low-mass end of the main sequence in the Solar neighbourhood, we used the OSIRIS instrument at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias to acquire low- and mid-resolution (R$\approx$300 and R$\approx$2500) optical spectroscopy of 53 late-M and L ultracool dwarfs. Most of these objects are known but poorly investigated and lacking complete kinematics. We measured spectral indices, determined spectral types (six of which are new) and inferred effective temperature and surface gravity from BT-Settl synthetic spectra fits for all objects. We were able to measure radial velocities via line centre fitting and cross correlation for 46 objects, 29 of which lacked previous radial velocity measurements. Using these radial velocities in combination with the latest Gaia DR3 data, we also calculated Galactocentric space velocities. From their kinematics, we identified two candidates outside of the thin disc and four in young stellar kinematic groups. Two further ultracool dwarfs are apparently young field objects: 2MASSW J1246467$+$402715 (L4$β$), which has a potential, weak lithium absorption line, and G 196$-$3B (L3$β$), which was already known as young due to its well-studied primary companion.

astro-ph.SR↗

TESS discovery of two super-Earths orbiting the M-dwarf stars TOI-6002 and TOI-5713 near the radius valley

We present the validation of two TESS super-Earth candidates transiting the mid-M dwarfs TOI-6002 and TOI-5713 every 10.90 and 10.44 days, respectively. The first star (TOI-6002) is located $32.038\pm0.019$ pc away, with a radius of $0.2409^{+0.0066}_{-0.0065}$ \rsun, a mass of $0.2105^{+0.0049}_{-0.0048}$ \msun, and an effective temperature of $3229^{+77}_{-57}$ K. The second star (TOI-5713) is located $40.946\pm0.032$ pc away, with a radius of $0.2985^{+0.0073}_{-0.0072}$ \rsun, a mass of $0.2653\pm0.0061$ \msun, and an effective temperature of $3225^{+41}_{-40}$ K. We validated the planets using TESS data, ground-based multi-wavelength photometry from many ground-based facilities, as well as high-resolution AO observations from Keck/NIRC2. TOI-6002 b has a radius of $1.65^{+0.22}_{-0.19}$ \re\ and receives $1.77^{+0.16}_{-0.11} S_\oplus$. TOI-5713 b has a radius of $1.77_{-0.11}^{+0.13} \re$ and receives $2.42\pm{0.11} S_\oplus$. Both planets are located near the radius valley and near the inner edge of the habitable zone of their host stars, which makes them intriguing targets for future studies to understand the formation and evolution of small planets around M-dwarf stars.

astro-ph.EP↗

JWST imaging of the closest globular clusters -- IV. Chemistry, luminosity, and mass functions of the lowest-mass members in the NIRISS parallel fields

We present observations of the two closest globular clusters, NGC 6121 and NGC 6397, taken with the NIRISS detector of JWST. The combination of our new JWST data with archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images allows us to compute proper motions, disentangle cluster members from field objects, and probe the main sequence (MS) of the clusters down to <0.1 $M_\odot$ as well as the brighter part of the white-dwarf sequence. We show that theoretical isochrones fall short in modeling the low-mass MS and discuss possible explanations for the observed discrepancies. Our analysis suggests that the lowest-mass members of both clusters are significantly more metal-rich and oxygen-poor than their higher-mass counterparts. It is unclear whether the difference is caused by a genuine mass-dependent chemical heterogeneity, low-temperature atmospheric processes altering the observed abundances, or systematic shortcomings in the models. We computed the present-day local luminosity and mass functions of the two clusters; our data reveal a strong flattening of the mass function indicative of a significant preferential loss of low-mass stars in agreement with previous dynamical models for these two clusters. We have made our NIRISS astro-photometric catalogs and stacked images publicly available to the community.

astro-ph.SR↗

Primeval very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs -- VIII. The first age benchmark L subdwarf, a wide companion to a halo white dwarf

We report the discovery of five white dwarf + ultracool dwarf systems identified as common proper motion wide binaries in the Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars. The discoveries include a white dwarf + L subdwarf binary, VVV 1256-62AB, a gravitationally bound system located 75.6(+1.9/-1.8) pc away with a projected separation of 1375(+35/-33) au. The primary is a cool DC white dwarf with a hydrogen dominated atmosphere, and has a total age of 10.5(+3.3/-2.1) Gyr, based on white dwarf model fitting. The secondary is an L subdwarf with a metallicity of [M/H] = -0.72(+0.08/-0.10) (i.e. [Fe/H] = -0.81+/-0.10) and Teff = 2298(+45/-43) K based on atmospheric model fitting of its optical to near infrared spectrum, and likely has a mass just above the stellar/substellar boundary. The sub-solar metallicity of the L subdwarf and the system's total space velocity of 406 km/s indicates membership in the Galactic halo, and it has a flat eccentric Galactic orbit passing within 1~kpc of the centre of the Milky Way every ~0.4Gyr and extending to 15-31 kpc at apogal. VVV 1256-62B is the first L subdwarf to have a well-constrained age, making it an ideal benchmark of metal-poor ultracool dwarf atmospheres and evolution.

astro-ph.SR↗

Three short-period Earth-sized planets around M dwarfs discovered by TESS: TOI-5720b, TOI-6008b and TOI-6086b

One of the main goals of the NASA's TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) mission is the discovery of Earth-like planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. Here, we present the discovery and validation of three new short-period Earth-sized planets orbiting nearby M-dwarfs: TOI- 5720b, TOI-6008b and TOI-6086b. We combined TESS data, ground-based multi-color light curves, ground-based optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, and Subaru/IRD RVs data to validate the planetary candidates and constrain the physical parameters of the systems. In addition, we used archival images, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation techniques to support the planetary validation. TOI-5720b is a planet with a radius of Rp=1.09 Re orbiting a nearby (23 pc) M2.5 host, with an orbital period of P=1.43 days. It has an equilibrium temperature of Teq=708 K and an incident flux of Sp=41.7 Se. TOI-6008b has a period of P=0.86 day, a radius of Rp=1.03 Re, an equilibrium temperature of Teq=707 K and an incident flux of Sp=41.5 Se. The host star (TOI-6008) is a nearby (36 pc) M5 with an effective temperature of Teff=3075 K. Based on the RV measurements collected with Subaru/IRD, we set a 3-sigma upper limit of Mp<4 M_Earth, thus ruling out a star or brown dwarf as the transiting companion. TOI-6086b orbits its nearby (31 pc) M3 host star (Teff=3200 K) every 1.39 days, and has a radius of Rp=1.18 Re, an equilibrium temperature of Teq=634 K and an incident flux of Sp=26.8 Se. Additional high precision radial velocity measurements are needed to derive the planetary masses and bulk densities, and to search for additional planets in the systems. Moreover, short-period earth-sized planets orbiting around nearby M-dwarfs are suitable targets for atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) through transmission and emission spectroscopy, and phase curve photometry.

astro-ph.EP↗