Superconducting Diode Effect in Josephson $φ_0$ Junction
We investigate the superconducting diode effect in a Josephson junction with a ferromagnetic weak link in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling. While the standard $φ_0$ junction model is valid only for weak exchange fields $h \lesssim T_c$, realistic ferromagnetic barriers typically operate in the regime $h \gg T_c$, where the conventional Ginzburg-Landau gradient expansion becomes insufficient and requires the inclusion of higher order gradient terms to ensure stability of the free energy. By extending the free energy with such higher order term, we demonstrate that the linear gradient coupling alone leads to finite momentum Cooper pairing while leaving the critical current symmetry unchanged. The interplay between this linear term and the higher order gradient one leads to the Josephson diode effect.