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A. Khan

Publications and source records attributed to A. Khan.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

Pion and proton showers in the CALICE scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter

Showers produced by positive hadrons in the highly granular CALICE scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter were studied. The experimental data were collected at CERN and FNAL for single particles with initial momenta from 10 to 80 GeV/c. The calorimeter response and resolution and spatial characteristics of shower development for proton- and pion-induced showers for test beam data and simulations using Geant4 version 9.6 are compared.

physics.ins-det↗

The Time Structure of Hadronic Showers in highly granular Calorimeters with Tungsten and Steel Absorbers

The intrinsic time structure of hadronic showers influences the timing capability and the required integration time of hadronic calorimeters in particle physics experiments, and depends on the active medium and on the absorber of the calorimeter. With the CALICE T3B experiment, a setup of 15 small plastic scintillator tiles read out with Silicon Photomultipliers, the time structure of showers is measured on a statistical basis with high spatial and temporal resolution in sampling calorimeters with tungsten and steel absorbers. The results are compared to GEANT4 (version 9.4 patch 03) simulations with different hadronic physics models. These comparisons demonstrate the importance of using high precision treatment of low-energy neutrons for tungsten absorbers, while an overall good agreement between data and simulations for all considered models is observed for steel.

physics.ins-det↗

Evidence for the decay B0 --> omega omega and search for B0 --> omega phi

We describe searches for B meson decays to the charmless vector-vector final states omega omega and omega phi with 471 x 10^6 B Bbar pairs produced in e+ e- annihilation at sqrt(s) = 10.58 GeV using the BABAR detector at the PEP-II collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We measure the branching fraction B(B0 --> omega omega) = (1.2 +- 0.3 +0.3-0.2) x 10^-6, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic, corresponding to a significance of 4.4 standard deviations. We also determine the upper limit B(B0 --> omega phi) < 0.7 x 10^-6 at 90% confidence level. These measurements provide the first evidence for the decay B0 --> omega omega, and an improvement of the upper limit for the decay B0 --> omega phi.

hep-ex↗

Energy optimization and Performance Analysis of Cluster Based Routing Protocols Extended from LEACH for WSNs

An energy efficient routing protocol is the major attentiveness for researcher in field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this paper, we present some energy efficient hierarchal routing protocols, prosper from conventional Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) routing protocol. Fundamental objective of our consideration is to analyze, how these ex- tended routing protocols work in order to optimize lifetime of network nodes and how quality of routing protocols is improved for WSNs. Furthermore, this paper also emphasizes on some issues experienced by LEACH and also explains how these issues are tackled by other enhanced routing protocols from classi- cal LEACH. We analytically compare the features and performance issues of each hierarchal routing protocol. We also simulate selected clustering routing protocols for our study in order to elaborate the enhancement achieved by ameliorate routing protocols.

cs.NI↗

Modeling and Evaluating Performance of Routing Operations in Reactive Routing Protocols

Reactive routing protocols are gaining popularity due to their event driven nature day by day. In this vary paper, reactive routing is studied precisely. Route request, route reply and route maintenance phases are modeled with respect to control overhead. Control overhead varies with respect to change in various parameters. Our model calculates these variations as well. Besides modeling, we chose three most favored reactive routing protocols as Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET on Demand (DYMO) for our experiments. We simulated these protocols using ns-2 for a detailed comparison and performance analysis with respect to mobility and scalability issues keeping metrics of throughput, route delay and control over head. Their performances and comparisons are extensively presented in last part of our work.

cs.NI↗

Modeling and Evaluating Performance of Routing Operations in Proactive Routing Protocols

To ensure seamless communication in wireless multi-hop networks, certain classes of routing protocols are defined. This vary paper, is based upon proactive routing protocols for Wireless multihop networks. Initially, we discuss Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV), Fish-eye State Routing (FSR) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), precisely followed by mathematical frame work of control overhead regarding proactive natured routing protocols. Finally, extensive simulations are done using NS 2 respecting above mentioned routing protocols covering mobility and scalability issues. Said protocols are compared under mobile and dense environments to conclude our performance analysis.

cs.NI↗

REECH-ME: Regional Energy Efficient Cluster Heads based on Maximum Energy Routing Protocol for WSNs

In this paper, we propose Regional Energy Efficient Cluster Heads based on Maximum Energy (REECH-ME) Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) . The main purpose of this protocol is to improve the network lifetime and particularly the stability period of the network. In REECH-ME, the node with the maximum energy in a region becomes Cluster Head (CH) of that region for that particular round and the number of the cluster heads in each round remains the same. Our technique outperforms LEACH which uses probabilistic approach for the selection of CHs. We also implement the Uniform Random Distribution Model to find the packet drop to make this protocol more practical. We also calculate the confidence interval of all our results which helps us to visualize the possible deviation of our graphs from the mean value.

cs.NI↗

Study of the decay $\bar{B}^{0}\rightarrowΛ_{c}^{+}\bar{p}π^{+}π^{-}$ and its intermediate states

We study the decay $\bar{B}^{0}\rightarrowΛ_{c}^{+}\bar{p}π^{+}π^{-}$, reconstructing the Λ_{c}^{+} baryon in the $p K^{-}π^{+}$ mode, using a data sample of $467\times 10^{6}$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-2 storage rings at SLAC. We measure branching fractions for decays with intermediate $Σ_{c}$ baryons to be ${\cal B}[\bar{B}^{0}\rightarrowΣ_{c}(2455)^{++}\bar{p}π^{-}]=(21.3 \pm 1.0 \pm 1.0 \pm 5.5) \times 10^{-5}$, ${\cal B}[\bar{B}^{0}\rightarrowΣ_{c}(2520)^{++}\bar{p}π^{-}]=(11.5\pm 1.0 \pm 0.5 \pm 3.0)\times 10^{-5}$, ${\cal B}[\bar{B}^{0}\rightarrowΣ_{c}(2455)^{0}\bar{p}π^{+}]=(9.1 \pm 0.7 \pm 0.4 \pm 2.4)\times10^{-5}$, and ${\cal B}[\bar{B}^{0}\rightarrowΣ_{c}(2520)^{0}\bar{p}π^{+}]= (2.2 \pm 0.7 \pm 0.1\pm 0.6) \times 10^{-5}$, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the uncertainty on the $Λ_{c}^{+}\rightarrow\proton\Kmπ^{+}$ branching fraction, respectively. For decays without $Σ_{c}(2455)$ or $Σ_{c}(2520)$ resonances, we measure ${\cal B}[\bar{B}^{0}\rightarrowΛ_{c}^{+}\bar{p}π^{+}π^{-}]_{\mathrm{non-Σ_{c}}}=(79 \pm 4 \pm 4 \pm 20)\times10^{-5}$. The total branching fraction is determined to be ${\cal B}[\bar{B}^{0}\rightarrowΛ_{c}^{+}\bar{p}π^{+}π^{-}]_{\mathrm{total}}=(123 \pm 5 \pm 7 \pm 32)\times10^{-5}$. We examine multibody mass combinations in the resonant three-particle $Σ_{c}\bar{p}π$ final states and in the four-particle $Λ_{c}^{+}\bar{p}π^{+}π^{-}$ final state, and observe different characteristics for the $\bar{p}π$ combination in neutral versus doubly-charged $Σ_{c}$ decays.

hep-ex↗

Search for direct CP-violation in singly-Cabibbo suppressed D+- --> K+ K- pi+- decays

We report on a search for direct CP asymmetry in the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay D+- --> K+ K- pi+- using a data sample of 476 fb-1 accumulated with the BaBar detector running at and just below the Y(4S) resonance. The CP-violating decay rate asymmetry A_CP is determined to be (0.35 +- 0.30 +- 0.15)%. Model-dependent and model-independent Dalitz plot analysis techniques are used to search for CP-violating asymmetries in the various intermediate states.

hep-ex↗

Observation of Time Reversal Violation in the B0 Meson System

Although CP violation in the B meson system has been well established by the B factories, there has been no direct observation of time reversal violation. The decays of entangled neutral B mesons into definite flavor states ($B^0$ or $\bar{B}^0$), and $J/ψK_S^0$ or $c\bar{c} K_S^0$ final states (referred to as $B_+$ or $B_-$), allow comparisons between the probabilities of four pairs of T-conjugated transitions, for example, $\bar{B}^0 \rightarrow B_-$ and $B_- \rightarrow \bar{B}^0$, as a function of the time difference between the two B decays. Using 468 million $B\bar{B}$ pairs produced in $Υ(4S)$ decays collected by the BABAR detector at SLAC, we measure T-violating parameters in the time evolution of neutral B mesons, yielding $ΔS_T^+ = -1.37 \pm 0.14 (stat.) \pm 0.06 (syst.)$ and $ΔS_T^- = 1.17 \pm 0.18 (stat.) \pm 0.11 (syst.)$. These nonzero results represent the first direct observation of T violation through the exchange of initial and final states in transitions that can only be connected by a T-symmetry transformation.

hep-ex↗

Branching fraction and form-factor shape measurements of exclusive charmless semileptonic B decays, and determination of |V_{ub}|

We report the results of a study of the exclusive charmless semileptonic decays, B^0 --> pi^- l^+ nu, B^+ --> pi^0 l^+ nu, B^+ --> omega l^+ nu, B^+ --> eta l^+ nu and B^+ --> eta^' l^+ nu, (l = e or mu) undertaken with approximately 462x10^6 B\bar{B} pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector. The analysis uses events in which the signal B decays are reconstructed with a loose neutrino reconstruction technique. We obtain partial branching fractions in several bins of q^2, the square of the momentum transferred to the lepton-neutrino pair, for B^0 --> pi^- l^+ nu, B^+ --> pi^0 l^+ nu, B^+ --> omega l^+ nu and B^+ --> eta l^+ nu. From these distributions, we extract the form-factor shapes f_+(q^2) and the total branching fractions BF(B^0 --> pi^- l^+ nu) = (1.45 +/- 0.04_{stat} +/- 0.06_{syst})x10^-4 (combined pi^- and pi^0 decay channels assuming isospin symmetry), BF(B^+ --> omega l^+ nu) = (1.19 +/- 0.16_{stat} +/- 0.09_{syst})x10^-4 and BF(B^+ --> eta l^+ nu) = (0.38 +/- 0.05_{stat} +/- 0.05_{syst})x10^-4. We also measure BF(B^+ --> eta^' l^+ nu) = (0.24 +/- 0.08_{stat} +/- 0.03_{syst})x10^-4. We obtain values for the magnitude of the CKM matrix element V_{ub} by direct comparison with three different QCD calculations in restricted q^2 ranges of B --> pi l^+ nu decays. From a simultaneous fit to the experimental data over the full q^2 range and the FNAL/MILC lattice QCD predictions, we obtain |V_{ub}| = (3.25 +/- 0.31)x10^-3, where the error is the combined experimental and theoretical uncertainty.

hep-ex↗

Initial-State Radiation Measurement of the e+e- -> pi+pi-pi+pi- Cross Section

We study the process e+e- -> pi+pi-pi+pi-gamma, with a photon emitted from the initial-state electron or positron, using 454.3 fb^-1 of data collected with the BABAR detector at SLAC, corresponding to approximately 260,000 signal events. We use these data to extract the non-radiative sigma(e+e- ->pi+pi-pi+pi-) cross section in the energy range from 0.6 to 4.5 Gev. The total uncertainty of the cross section measurement in the peak region is less than 3%, higher in precision than the corresponding results obtained from energy scan data.

hep-ex↗

A Measurement of the Semileptonic Branching Fraction of the B_s Meson

We report a measurement of the inclusive semileptonic branching fraction of the B_s meson using data collected with the BaBar detector in the center-of-mass (CM) energy region above the Upsilon(4S) resonance. We use the inclusive yield of phi mesons and the phi yield in association with a high-momentum lepton to perform a simultaneous measurement of the semileptonic branching fraction and the production rate of B_s mesons relative to all B mesons as a function of CM energy. The inclusive semileptonic branching fraction of the B_s meson is determined to be B(B_s to l nu X)=9.5 (+2.5/-2.0)(stat)(+1.1/-1.9)(syst)%, where l indicates the average of e and mu.

hep-ex↗

Study of radiative bottomonium transitions using converted photons

We use 111+/-1 million Upsilon(3S) and 89+/-1 million Upsilon(2S) events recorded by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II B-factory at SLAC to perform a study of radiative transitions between bottomonium states using photons that have been converted to e+e- pairs by the detector material. We observe Upsilon(3S) -> gamma chi_b0,2(1P) decay, make precise measurements of the branching fractions for chi_b1,2(1P,2P) -> gamma Upsilon(1S) and chi_b1,2(2P) -> gamma Upsilon(2S) decays, and search for radiative decay to the eta_b(1S) and eta_b(2S) states.

hep-ex↗

Evidence for the h_b(1P) meson in the decay Upsilon(3S) --> pi0 h_b(1P)

Using a sample of 122 million Upsilon(3S) events recorded with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at SLAC, we search for the $h_b(1P)$ spin-singlet partner of the P-wave chi_{bJ}(1P) states in the sequential decay Upsilon(3S) --> pi0 h_b(1P), h_b(1P) --> gamma eta_b(1S). We observe an excess of events above background in the distribution of the recoil mass against the pi0 at mass 9902 +/- 4(stat.) +/- 2(syst.) MeV/c^2. The width of the observed signal is consistent with experimental resolution, and its significance is 3.1sigma, including systematic uncertainties. We obtain the value (4.3 +/- 1.1(stat.) +/- 0.9(syst.)) x 10^{-4} for the product branching fraction BF(Upsilon(3S)-->pi0 h_b) x BF(h_b-->gamma eta_b).

hep-ex↗

Search for hadronic decays of a light Higgs boson in the radiative decay Upsilon --> gamma A0

We search for hadronic decays of a light Higgs boson (A0) produced in radiative decays of an Upsilon(2S) or Upsilon(3S) meson, Upsilon --> gamma A0. The data have been recorded by the BABAR experiment at the Upsilon(3S) and Upsilon(2S) center of mass energies, and include (121.3 \pm 1.2) x 10^6 Upsilon(3S) and (98.3 \pm 0.9) x 10^6 Upsilon(2S) mesons. No significant signal is observed. We set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product branching fractions B(Upsilon(nS)-->gamma A0) x B(A0-->hadrons) (n=2 or 3) that range from 1 x 10^{-6} for an A0 mass of 0.3 GeV/c^2 to 8 x 10^{-5} at 7 GeV/c^2.

hep-ex↗

Observation of the baryonic B decay B0bar --> Lambda_c^+ anti-Lambda K-

We report the observation of the baryonic B decay B0bar --> Lambda_c^+ anti-Lambda K- with a significance larger than 7 standard deviations based on 471x10^6$ BBbar pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring at SLAC. We measure the branching fraction for the decay B0bar --> Lambda_c^+ anti-Lambda K- to be (3.8 \pm 0.8_{stat} \pm 0.2_{sys} \pm 1.0_{Lambda_c^+})x10^{-5}. The uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the uncertainty in the Lambda_c^+ branching fraction. We find that the Lambda_c^+ K^- invariant mass distribution shows an enhancement above 3.5 GeV/c^2.

hep-ex↗

Ground-state fidelity in the BCS-BEC crossover

The ground-state fidelity has been introduced recently as a tool to investigate quantum phase transitions. Here, we apply this concept in the context of a crossover problem. Specifically, we calculate the fidelity susceptibility for the BCS ground-state wave function, when the intensity of the fermionic attraction is varied from weak to strong in an interacting Fermi system, through the BCS-BEC crossover. Results are presented for contact and finite-range attractive potentials and for both continuum and lattice models. We conclude that the fidelity susceptibility can be useful also in the context of crossover problems.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗