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A. Mazure

Publications and source records attributed to A. Mazure.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

The VVDS-VLA Deep Field II. Optical and near infrared identifications of VLA S(1.4GHz)>80 microJy sources in the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey VVDS-02h field

In this paper we present the optical and near-infrared identifications of the 1054 radio sources detected in the 20cm deep radio survey down to a 5sigma flux limit of about 80 microJy obtained with the VLA in the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey VVDS-02h deep field. Using U,B,V,R,I and K data, we identified 718 radio sources (~74% of the whole sample). The photometric redshift analysis shows that, in each magnitude bin, the radio sample has a higher median photometric redshift than the whole optical sample, while the median (V-I) color of the radio sources is redder than the median color of the whole optical sample. These results suggest that radio detection is preferentially selecting galaxies with higher intrinsic optical luminosity. From the analysis of the optical properties of the radio sources as function of the radio flux, we found that while about 35% of the radio sources are optically unidentified in the higher radio flux bin (S> 1.0 mJy), the percentage of unidentified sources decreases to about 25% in the faintest bins (S< 0.5 mJy). The median I magnitude for the total sample of radio sources,i.e. including also the unidentified ones, is brighter in the faintest radio bins than in the bin with higher radio flux. This suggests that most of the faintest radio sources are likely to be associated to relatively lower radio luminosity objects at relatively modest redshift, rather than radio-powerful, AGN type objects at high redshift.

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The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey: Evolution of the non-linear galaxy bias up to z=1.5

We present the first measurements of the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) of galaxy fluctuations in the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey (VVDS) cone, covering 0.4x0.4 deg between 0.4 0.8; ii) the formation of bright galaxies is inhibited below a characteristic mass-overdensity threshold whose amplitude increases with redshift and luminosity; iii) the biasing function is non linear in all the redshift bins investigated with non-linear effects of the order of a few to 10% on scales >5Mpc.

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The XMM-LSS survey. Survey design and first results

We have designed a medium deep large area X-ray survey with XMM - the XMM Large Scale Structure survey, XMM-LSS - with the scope of extending the cosmological tests attempted using ROSAT cluster samples to two redshift bins between 0<z<1 while maintaining the precision of earlier studies. Two main goals have constrained the survey design: the evolutionary study of the cluster-cluster correlation function and of the cluster number density. The results are promising and, so far, in accordance with our predictions as to the survey sensitivity and cluster number density. The feasibility of the programme is demonstrated and further X-ray coverage is awaited in order to proceed with a truly significant statistical analysis. (Abridged)

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The VLT-VIMOS Mask Preparation Software

VIMOS (VIsible Multi-Object Spectrograph) is a multi-object imaging spectrograph installed at the VLT (Very large Telescope) at the ESO (European Southern Observatory) Paranal Observatory, especially suited for survey work. VIMOS is characterized by its very high multiplexing factor: it is possible to take up to 800 spectra with 10 arcsec long slits in a single exposure. To fully exploit its multiplexing potential, we designed and implemented a dedicated software tool: the VIMOS Mask Preparation Software (VMMPS), which allows the astronomer to select the objects to be spectroscopically observed, and provides for automatic slit positioning and slit number maximization within the instrumental constraints. The output of VMMPS is used to manufacture the slit masks to be mounted in the instrument for spectroscopic observations.

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The VVDS data reduction pipeline: introducing VIPGI, the VIMOS Interactive Pipeline and Graphical Interface

The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey (VVDS), designed to measure 150,000 galaxy redshifts, requires a dedicated data reduction and analysis pipeline to process in a timely fashion the large amount of spectroscopic data being produced. This requirement has lead to the development of the VIMOS Interactive Pipeline and Graphical Interface (VIPGI), a new software package designed to simplify to a very high degree the task of reducing astronomical data obtained with VIMOS, the imaging spectrograph built by the VIRMOS Consortium for the European Southern Observatory, and mounted on Unit 3 (Melipal) of the Very Large Telescope (VLT) at Paranal Observatory (Chile). VIPGI provides the astronomer with specially designed VIMOS data reduction functions, a VIMOS-centric data organizer, and dedicated data browsing and plotting tools, that can be used to verify the quality and accuracy of the various stages of the data reduction process. The quality and accuracy of the data reduction pipeline are comparable to those obtained using well known IRAF tasks, but the speed of the data reduction process is significantly increased, thanks to the large set of dedicated features. In this paper we discuss the details of the MOS data reduction pipeline implemented in VIPGI, as applied to the reduction of some 20,000 VVDS spectra, assessing quantitatively the accuracy of the various reduction steps. We also provide a more general overview of VIPGI capabilities, a tool that can be used for the reduction of any kind of VIMOS data.

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Large scale diffuse light in the Coma cluster: a multi-scale approach

We have obtained wide field images of the Coma cluster in the B, V, R and I bands with the CFH12K camera at CFHT. In order to search for large scale diffuse emission, we have applied to these images an iterative multi scale wavelet analysis and reconstruction technique which allowed to model all the sources (stars and galaxies) and subtract them from the original images. We found various concentrations of diffuse emission present in the central zone around the central galaxies NGC4874 and NGC4889. We characterize the positions, sizes and colors of these concentrations. Some sources do not seem to have strong star formation, while another one probably exhibits spiral-like color. One possible origin for the star forming diffuse emission sources is that in the region of the two main galaxies NGC4874 and NGC4889 spiral galaxies have recently been disrupted and star formation is still active in the dispersed material. We also use the characteristics of the sources of diffuse emission to trace the cluster dynamics. A scenario in which the group around NGC 4874 is moving north is consistent with our data.

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Supernova / Acceleration Probe: A Satellite Experiment to Study the Nature of the Dark Energy

The Supernova / Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a proposed space-based experiment designed to study the dark energy and alternative explanations of the acceleration of the Universe's expansion by performing a series of complementary systematics-controlled measurements. We describe a self-consistent reference mission design for building a Type Ia supernova Hubble diagram and for performing a wide-area weak gravitational lensing study. A 2-m wide-field telescope feeds a focal plane consisting of a 0.7 square-degree imager tiled with equal areas of optical CCDs and near infrared sensors, and a high-efficiency low-resolution integral field spectrograph. The SNAP mission will obtain high-signal-to-noise calibrated light-curves and spectra for several thousand supernovae at redshifts between z=0.1 and 1.7. A wide-field survey covering one thousand square degrees resolves ~100 galaxies per square arcminute. If we assume we live in a cosmological-constant-dominated Universe, the matter density, dark energy density, and flatness of space can all be measured with SNAP supernova and weak-lensing measurements to a systematics-limited accuracy of 1%. For a flat universe, the density-to-pressure ratio of dark energy can be similarly measured to 5% for the present value w0 and ~0.1 for the time variation w'. The large survey area, depth, spatial resolution, time-sampling, and nine-band optical to NIR photometry will support additional independent and/or complementary dark-energy measurement approaches as well as a broad range of auxiliary science programs. (Abridged)

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Early results from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey

The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey (VVDS) is underway to study the evolution of galaxies, large scale structures and AGNs, from the measurement of more than 100000 spectra of faint objects. We present here the results from the first epoch observations of more than 20000 spectra. The main challenge of the program, the redshift measurements, is described, in particular entering the ``redshift desert'' in the range $1.5<z<3$ for which only very weak features are observed in the observed wavelength range. The redshift distribution of a magnitude limited sample brighter than $I_{AB}=24$ is presented for the first time, showing a peak at a low redshift $z\sim0.7$, and a tail extending all the way above $z=4$. The evolution of the luminosity function out to $z=1.5$ is presented, with the LF of blue star forming galaxies carrying most of the evolution, with L* changing by more than two magnitudes for this sub-sample.

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Comparison of two optical cluster finding algorithms for the new generation of deep galaxy surveys

We present a comparison between two optical cluster finding methods: a matched filter algorithm using galaxy angular coordinates and magnitudes, and a percolation algorithm using also redshift information. We test the algorithms on two mock catalogues. The first mock catalogue is built by adding clusters to a Poissonian background, while the other is derived from N-body simulations. Choosing the physically most sensible parameters for each method, we carry out a detailed comparison and investigate advantages and limits of each algorithm, showing the possible biases on final results. We show that, combining the two methods, we are able to detect a large part of the structures, thus pointing out the need to search for clusters in different ways in order to build complete and unbiased samples of clusters, to be used for statistical and cosmological studies. In addition, our results show the importance of testing cluster finding algorithms on different kinds of mock catalogues to have a complete assessment of their behaviour.

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The VIRMOS deep imaging survey: I. overview and survey strategy

This paper presents the CFH12K-VIRMOS survey: a deep B, V, R and I imaging survey in four fields totalling more than 17 deg^2, conducted with the 30x40 arcmin^2 field CFH-12K camera. The survey is intended to be a multi-purpose survey used for a variety of science goals, including surveys of very high redshift galaxies and weak lensing studies. Four high galactic latitude fields, each 2x2 deg^2, have been selected along the celestial equator: 0226-04, 1003+01, 1400+05, and 2217+00. The 16 deg^2 of the "wide" survey are covered with exposure times of 2h, 1.5h, 1h, 1h, while the 1.3x1 deg^2 area of the "deep" survey at the center of the 0226-04 field is covered with exposure times of 7h, 4.5h, 3h, 3h, in B,V,R and I respectively. The data is pipeline processed at the Terapix facility at the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris to produce large mosaic images. The catalogs produced contain the positions, shape, total and aperture magnitudes for the 2.175 million objects. The depth measured (3sigma in a 3 arc-second aperture) is I_{AB}=24.8 in the ``Wide'' areas, and I_{AB}=25.3 in the deep area. Careful quality control has been applied on the data as described in joint papers. These catalogs are used to select targets for the VIRMOS-VLT Deep Survey, a large spectroscopic survey of the distant universe (Le Fèvre et al., 2003). First results from the CFH12K-VIRMOS survey have been published on weak lensing (e.g. van Waerbeke & Mellier 2003). Catalogs and images are available through the VIRMOS database environment under Oracle ({\tt http://www.oamp.fr/virmos}). They will be open for general use on July 1st, 2003.

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On the Evolution of Nonlinear N-body systems: Substructure of a Distant Galaxy Cluster

The graph-theoretical S-tree technique developed for the study of the nonlinear N-body systems, is used for the study for the first time of the substructure of a high redshift cluster of galaxies, namely of MS 1054-03, z\simeq 0.8. Nearby galaxy clusters studied via the same S-tree code reveal several clearly distinguished subgroups with significant bulk velocities. Therefore the study of distant clusters can enable to trace the evolution of their dynamics over cosmological time scales. The study of the MS 1054-03 showed a different structure, i.e. no evidence of merging subgroups but only of a core of galaxies with velocity dispersion about 700 km s^{-1} while the velocity dispersion of the main cluster 1870 km s^{-1}. Further study of samples of high redshift clusters will enable to conclude whether this discrepancy in the structure and dynamics between nearby and distant galaxy clusters is a genuine evolutionary effect.

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Clues on the Evolution of Cluster Galaxies From The Analysis of Their Orbital Anisotropies

We study the evolution of galaxies in clusters by the analysis of a sample of about 3000 galaxies, members of 59 clusters from the ESO Nearby Abell Cluster Survey (ENACS). We distinguish four cluster galaxy populations, based on their radial and velocity distributions within the clusters. Using the class of ellipticals and S0's (excluding the very bright ellipticals), we determine the average cluster mass profile, that we compare with mass models available from numerical simulations. We then use this cluster mass profile to solve for the anisotropy profiles of the three other cluster galaxy populations, viz. the very bright ellipticals, the early spirals, and the late spirals with the emission-line galaxies. We discuss the implications of our findings for the evolution of cluster galaxies.

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Exact solutions for the spatial de Vaucouleurs and Sersic laws and related quantities

Using the Mathematica package, we find exact analytical expressions for the so-called de-projected De Vaucouleurs and Sersic laws as well as for related spatial (3D) quantities, such the mass, gravitational potential, the total energy and the central velocity dispersion, generally involved in astronomical calculations expressed in terms of the Meijer G functions.

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Group analysis in the SSRS2 catalog

We present an automated method to detect populations of groups in galaxy redshift catalogs. This method uses both analysis of the redshift distribution along lines of sight in fixed cells to detect elementary structures and a friend-of-friend algorithm to merge these elementary structures into physical structures. We apply this method to the SSRS2 galaxy redshift catalog. The groups detected with our method are similar to group catalogs detected with pure friend-of-friend algorithms. They have similar mass distribution, similar abundance versus redshift, similar 2-point correlation function and the same redshift completeness limit, close to 5000 km/s. If instead of SSRS2, we use catalogs of new generation, it would lead to a completeness limit of z$\sim$0.7. We model the luminosity function for nearby galaxy groups by a Schechter function with parameters M*=(-19.99+/-0.36)+5logh and alpha=-1.46 +/- 0.17 to compute the mass to light ratio. The median value of the mass to light ratio is 360 h M/L and we deduce a relation between mass to light ratio and velocity dispersion sigma (M/L=3.79 +/- 0.64)sigma -(294 +/- 570)). The more massive the group, the higher the mass to light ratio, and therefore, the larger the amount of dark matter inside the group. Another explanation is a significant stripping of the gas of the galaxies in massive groups as opposed to low mass groups. This extends to groups of galaxies the mild tendency already detected for rich clusters of galaxies. Finally, we detect a barely significant fundamental plane for these groups but much less narrow than for clusters of galaxies.

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Galaxy Associations within the Coma Cluster

The mean redshift of the core of the Coma cluster - cz = 6953 km s^{-1} and its dispersion σ=949 km s^{-1} are obtained by means of the analysis of the substructures of this cluster by using the S-tree method. The existence of three subgroups of galaxies is revealed, one of them is associated with the cD galaxy NGC 4874, the other -- with NGC 4889. It is argued that these subgroups are {\it galaxy associations}, i.e. galactic dynamical entities moving within the main cluster. Thus we conclude that the non-stationarity of the dynamical processes ongoing in the Coma core is due to the merging of small-scale galaxy associations, rather than of two equal sized clusters. We provide the lists of the galaxies of the associations, the observational study of which can be of particular interest.

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Central Matter Distributions in Rich Clusters of Galaxies from z~0 to z~0.5

We have analyzed the galaxy number density and luminosity density profiles of rich clusters of galaxies from redshifts z=0 to z=0.5. We show that the luminosity profile computed with bright galaxies is significantly cusped in the center of the clusters, whatever the redshift. This is in agreement with the dark matter profiles predicted by numerical simulations. The galaxy number density profile for the bright galaxies is fitted equally well with a core model or a cusped model. In contrast, the luminosity and the galaxy number density profiles of the fainter galaxies are significantly better fitted by a core rather than a cusp model. We did not detect any statistically significant different fits when applied to data in range from z=0 to z=0.5. The difference in profile between faint and bright galaxies may be due to the rapid (relative to the age of the universe at z=0 versus z=0.5) destruction of the faint galaxies by tidal forces and merging events in the denser central regions of the clusters. This process could erase the cusp by turning faint galaxies into diffuse light. In this case, the galaxies (with a cusp visible in the bright galaxy number density and mainly in luminosity profiles) would trace the total mass distribution.

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The VIRMOS-VLT Deep Survey

The aim of the VIRMOS VLT Deep Survey (VVDS) is to study of the evolution of galaxies, large scale structures and AGNs from a sample of more than 150,000 galaxies with measured redshifts in the range 0<z<5+. The VVDS will rely on the VIMOS and NIRMOS wide field multi-object spectrographs, which the VIRMOS consortium is delivering to ESO. Together, they offer unprecedented multiplex capability in the wavelength range 0.37-1.8microns, allowing for large surveys to be carried out. The VVDS has several main aspects: (1) a deep multi-color imaging survey over 18deg^2 of more than one million galaxies, (2) a "wide" spectroscopic survey with more than 130,000 redshifts measured for objects brighter than IAB=22.5 over 18deg^2, (3) a "deep" survey with 50,000 redshifts measured to IAB=24, (4) ultra-deep" surveys with several thousand redshifts measured to IAB=25, (5) multi-wavelength observations with the VLA and XMM.

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Dynamical and content evolution of a sample of clusters from z~0 to z~0.5

In this paper, we present an analysis of the dynamics and segregation of galaxies in rich clusters from z~0.32 to z~0.48 taken from the CFHT Optical PDCS (COP) survey and from the CNOC survey (Carlberg et al. 1997). Our results from the COP survey are based upon the recent observational work of Adami et al. (2000) and Holden et al. (2000) and use new spectroscopic and photometric data on six clusters selected from the Palomar Distant Cluster Survey (PDCS; Postman et al. 1996). We have compared the COP and CNOC samples to the ESO Nearby Abell Cluster Survey (ENACS: z~0.07). Our sample shows that the z<0.4 clusters have the same velocity dispersion versus magnitude, morphological type and radius relationships as nearby Abell clusters. The z~0.48 clusters exhibit, however, departures from these relations. Furthermore, there appears to be a higher fraction of late-type (or bluer, e.g. Butcher and Oemler, 1984) galaxies in the distant clusters compared to the nearby ones. The classical scenario in which massive galaxies virialize before they evolve from late into early type explain our observations. In such a scenario, the clusters of our sample began to form before a redshift of ~0.8 and the late-type galaxy population had a continuous infall into the clusters.

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