Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

A. Niégawa

Publications and source records attributed to A. Niégawa.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2007

Ferromagnetism of two-flavor quark matter in chiral and/or color-superconducting phases at zero and finite temperatures

We study the phase structure of the unpolarized and polarized two-flavor quark matters at zero and finite temperatures within the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. We focus on the region, which includes the coexisting phase of quark-antiquark and diquark condensates. Generalizing the NJL model so as to describe the polarized quark matter, we compute the thermodynamic potential as a function of the quark chemical potential ($μ$), the temperature ($T$), and the polarization parameter. The result heavily depends on the ratio $G_D / G_S$, where $G_S$ is the quark-antiquark coupling constant and $G_D$ is the diquark coupling constant. We find that, for small $G_D / G_S$, the "ferromagnetic" phase is energetically favored over the "paramagnetic" phase. On the other hand, for large $G_D / G_S$, there appears the window in the ($μ, T$)-plane, in which the "paramagnetic" phase is favored.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2001

Rates of neutrino conversion and decay in hot and dense QED plasma

Using a real-time formalism of equilibrium and nonequilibrium quantum-field theory, we derive the reaction-rate formula for neutrino-conversion ($ν\to ν'$) process and $ν\barν'$ annihilation process, which take place in a hot and dense QED plasma with background (anti)neutrinos out of equilibrium. Also derived is the formula for the inverse processes to the above ones. Using the hard-thermal-loop resummation scheme, we include the contribution from the coherent processes. The decay/production of a neutrino causes an evolution of its spatial distribution. A scheme for dealing with this evolution is presented. For the case of isotropic neutrino distribution, numerical computation is carried out for the parameter region of type-II super-nova explosion. Defferential reaction rate exhibits characteristic peak structure, which comes from the coherent processes. The contribution from the above processes to the decay or damping rate of a parent neutrino $ν$ is also studied.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2001

Fermion propagator in out of equilibrium quantum-field system and the Boltzmann equation

We aim to construct from first principles a perturbative framework for studying nonequilibrium quantum-field systems that include massless Dirac fermions. The system of our concern is quasiuniform system near equilibrium or nonequilibrium quasistationary system. We employ the closed-time-path formalism and use the so-called gradient approximation. Essentially no further approximation is introduced. We construct a fermion propagator, with which a well-defined perturbative framework is formulated. In the course of construction of the framework, we obtain the generalized Boltzmann equation (GBE) that describes the evolution of the number-density functions of (anti)fermionic quasiparticles.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2001

Gauge-boson propagator in out of equilibrium quantum-field system and the Boltzmann equation

We construct from first principles a perturbative framework for studying nonequilibrium quantum-field systems that include gauge bosons. The system of our concern is quasiuniform system near equilibrium or nonequilibrium quasistationary system. We employ the closed-time-path formalism and use the so-called gradient approximation. No further approximation is introduced. We construct a gauge-boson propagator, with which a well-defined perturbative framework is formulated. In the course of construction of the framework, we obtain the generalized Boltzmann equation (GBE) that describes the evolution of the number-density functions of gauge-bosonic quasiparticles. The framework allows us to compute the reaction rate for any process taking place in the system. Various processes, in turn, cause an evolution of the systems, which is described by the GBE.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2000

Out of equilibrium O (N) linear-sigma system - Construction of perturbation theory with gap- and Boltzmann-equations

We establish from first principles a perturbative framework that allows us to compute reaction rates for processes taking place in nonequilibrium $O (N)$ linear-sigma systems in broken phase. The system of our concern is quasiuniform system near equilibrium or nonequilibrium quasistationary system. We employ the closed-time-path formalism and use the so-called gradient approximation. No further approximation is introduced. In the course of construction of the framework, we obtain the gap equation that determines the effective masses of $π$ and of $σ$, and the generalized Boltzmann equation that describes the evolution of the number-density functions of $π$ and of $σ$.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1999

Out of Equilibrium Quantum Field Theory --- Perturbation Theory and Generalized Boltzmann Equation

This paper describes perturbative framework, on the basis of the closed-time-path formalism, in terms of quasiparticle picture for studying quasiuniform relativistic quantum field systems near equilibrium and nonequilibrium quasistationary systems. Two calculational schemes are introduced, the one is formulated on the basis of the initial-particle distribution function and the one is formulated on the basis of the ``physical''-particle distribution function. It is shown that both schemes are equivalent and lead to a generalized kinetic or Boltzmann equation. Concrete procedure of computing a generic amplitude is presented.

hep-th↗
arXiv1998

Out of Equilibrium Relativistic Quantum Field Theory --- Perturbation Theory and Progress of Phase Transition

This paper describes perturbative framework, on the basis of closed-time-path formalism, for studying quasiuniform relativistic quantum field systems near equilibrium and nonequilibrium quasistationary systems. At the first part, starting from first principles, we construct perturbative schemes for relativistic complex-scalar-field theory. We clarify what assumption is involved in arriving at a standard perturbative framework and to what extent the $n (\geq 4)$-point initial correlation functions that are usually discarded in the standard framework can in fact be discarded. Two calculational schemes are introduced, the one is formulated on the basis of the initial particle distribution function and the one is formulated on the basis of the `` physical'' particle distribution function. Both schemes are equivalent and lead to a generalized relativistic kinetic or Boltzmann equation. At the second part, using the perturbative loop-expansion scheme for an $O (N)$ linear $σ$ model, we analyze how the chiral phase transition proceeds through disoriented chiral condensates. The system of coupled equations that governs the spacetime evolution of the condensate or order-parameter fields is derived. The region where the curvature of the ``potential'' is negative is dealt with by introducing the random-force fields. Application to simple situations is made.

hep-th↗
arXiv1997

Comment on " Infrared and pinching singularities in out of equilibrium QCD plasmas''

Analyzing the dilepton production from out of equilibrium quark-gluon plasma, Le Bellac and Mabilat have recently pointed out that, in the reaction rate, the cancellation of mass (collinear) singularities takes place only in physical gauges, and not in covariant gauges. They then have estimated the contribution involving pinching singularities. After giving a general argument for the gauge independence of the production rate, we explicitly confirm the gauge independence of the mass-singular part. The contribution involving pinching singularities develops mass singularities, which is also gauge dependent. This `` additional'' contribution to the singular part is responsible for the gauge independence of the `` total'' singular part. We give a sufficient condition, under which cancellation of mass singularities takes place.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1997

Finite-temperature reaction-rate formula: Finite volume system, detailed balance, $T \to 0$ limit, and cutting rules

A complete derivation, from first principles, of the reaction-rate formula for a generic process taking place in a heat bath of finite volume is given. It is shown that the formula involves no finite-volume correction. Through perturbative diagrammatic analysis of the resultant formula, the detailed-balance formula is derived. The zero-temperature limit of the formula is discussed. Thermal cutting rules, which are introduced in previous work, are compared with those introduced by other authors.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1997

Perturbative QCD at finite temperature and density

This is a comprehensive review on the perturbative hot QCD including the recent developments. The main body of the review is concentrated upon dealing with physical quantities like reaction rates. Contents: \S1. Introduction, \S2. Perturbative thermal field theory: Feynman rules, \S3. Reaction-rate formula, \S4. Hard-thermal-loop resummation scheme in hot QCD, \S5. Effective action, \S6. Hard modes with $|P^2| \leq O (g^2 T^2)$, \S7. Application to the computation of physical quantities, \S8. Beyond the hard-thermal-loop resummation scheme, \S9. Conclusions.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1997

Renormalization of number density in nonequilibrium quantum-field theory and absence of pinch singularities

Through introducing a notion of renormalization of particle-number density, a simple perturbation scheme of nonequilibrium quantum-field theory is proposed. In terms of the renormalized particle-distribution functions, which characterize the system, the structure of the scheme (and then also the structure of amplitudes and reaction rates) are the same as in the equilibrium thermal field theory. Then, as an obvious consequence, the amplitudes and reaction rates computed in this scheme are free from pinch singularities due to multiple products of $δ$-functions, which inevitably present in traditional perturbation scheme.

hep-th↗
arXiv1997

Screening of mass singularities and finite soft-photon production rate in hot QCD

The production rate of a soft photon from a hot quark-gluon plasma is computed to leading order at logarithmic accuracy. The canonical hard-thermal-loop resummation scheme leads to logarithmically divergent production rate due to mass singularities. We show that these mass singularities are screened by employing the effective hard-quark propagator, which is obtained through resummation of one-loop self-energy part in a self-consistent manner. The damping-rate part of the effective hard-quark propagator, rather than the thermal-mass part, plays the dominant role of screening mass singularities. Diagrams including photon--(hard-)quark vertex corrections also yield leading contribution to the production rate.

hep-th↗
arXiv1995

Energy and pressure densities of a hot quark-gluon plasma

We calculate the energy and hydrostatic pressure densities of a hot quark-gluon plasma in thermal equilibrium through diagrammatic analyses of the statistical average, $\langle Θ_{μν} \rangle$, of the energy-momentum-tensor operator $Θ_{μν}$. To leading order at high temperature, the energy density of the long wave length modes is consistently extracted by applying the hard-thermal-loop resummation scheme to the operator-inserted no-leg thermal amplitudes $\langle Θ_{μν} \rangle$. We find that, for the long wave length gluons, the energy density, being positive, is tremendously enhanced as compared to the noninteracting case, while, for the quarks, no noticeable deviation from the noninteracting case is found.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1994

Is \lq\lq Heavy Quark Damping Rate Puzzle'' in Hot QCD Really the Puzzle?

Within the framework of perturbative resummation scheme of Pisarski and Braaten, the decay- or damping-rate of a moving heavy quark (muon) to leading order in weak coupling in hot QCD (QED) is examined. Although, as is well known, the conventionally-defined damping rate diverges logarithmically at the infrared limit, shown is that no such divergence appears in the physically measurable decay rate. The cancellation occurs between the contribution from the \lq\lq real'' decay diagram and the contribution from the diagrams with \lq\lq thermal radiative correction''.

hep-ph↗