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A. Petrashyk

Publications and source records attributed to A. Petrashyk.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2018

A Very High Energy $γ$-Ray Survey towards the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy

We present results from deep observations towards the Cygnus region using 300 hours of very-high-energy (VHE) $γ$-ray data taken with the VERITAS Cherenkov telescope array and over seven years of high-energy $γ$-ray data taken with the Fermi satellite at an energy above 1 GeV. As the brightest region of diffuse $γ$-ray emission in the northern sky, the Cygnus region provides a promising area to probe the origins of cosmic rays. We report the identification of a potential Fermi-LAT counterpart to VER J2031+415 (TeV J2032+4130), and resolve the extended VHE source VER J2019+368 into two source candidates (VER J2018+367* and VER J2020+368*) and characterize their energy spectra. The Fermi-LAT morphology of 3FGL 2021.0+4031e (the Gamma-Cygni supernova remnant) was examined and a region of enhanced emission coincident with VER J2019+407 was identified and jointly fit with the VERITAS data. By modeling 3FGL J2015.6+3709 as two sources, one located at the location of the pulsar wind nebula CTB 87 and one at the quasar QSO J2015+371, a continuous spectrum from 1 GeV to 10 TeV was extracted for VER J2016+371 (CTB 87). An additional 71 locations coincident with Fermi-LAT sources and other potential objects of interest were tested for VHE $γ$-ray emission, with no emission detected and upper limits on the differential flux placed at an average of 2.3% of the Crab Nebula ux. We interpret these observations in a multiwavelength context and present the most detailed $γ$-ray view of the region to date.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2018

A strong limit on the very-high-energy emission from GRB 150323A

On 2015 March 23, VERITAS responded to a $Swift$-BAT detection of a gamma-ray burst, with observations beginning 270 seconds after the onset of BAT emission, and only 135 seconds after the main BAT emission peak. No statistically significant signal is detected above 140 GeV. The VERITAS upper limit on the fluence in a 40 minute integration corresponds to about 1% of the prompt fluence. Our limit is particularly significant since the very-high-energy (VHE) observation started only $\sim$2 minutes after the prompt emission peaked, and $Fermi$-LAT observations of numerous other bursts have revealed that the high-energy emission is typically delayed relative to the prompt radiation and lasts significantly longer. Also, the proximity of GRB~150323A ($z=0.593$) limits the attenuation by the extragalactic background light to $\sim 50$ % at 100-200 GeV. We conclude that GRB 150323A had an intrinsically very weak high-energy afterglow, or that the GeV spectrum had a turnover below $\sim100$ GeV. If the GRB exploded into the stellar wind of a massive progenitor, the VHE non-detection constrains the wind density parameter to be $A\gtrsim 3\times 10^{11}$ g cm$^{-1}$, consistent with a standard Wolf-Rayet progenitor. Alternatively, the VHE emission from the blast wave would be weak in a very tenuous medium such as the ISM, which therefore cannot be ruled out as the environment of GRB 150323A.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2018

Multiwavelength observations of the blazar BL Lacertae: a new fast TeV gamma-ray flare

Combined with very-long-baseline interferometry measurements, the observations of fast TeV gamma-ray flares probe the structure and emission mechanism of blazar jets. However, only a handful of such flares have been detected to date, and only within the last few years have these flares been observed from lower-frequency-peaked BL~Lac objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars. We report on a fast TeV gamma-ray flare from the blazar BL~Lacertae observed by VERITAS, with a rise time of $\sim$2.3~hr and a decay time of $\sim$36~min. The peak flux above 200 GeV is $(4.2 \pm 0.6) \times 10^{-6} \;\text{photon} \;\text{m}^{-2}\; \text{s}^{-1}$ measured with a 4-minute-binned light curve, corresponding to $\sim$180\% of the flux which is observed from the Crab Nebula above the same energy threshold. Variability contemporaneous with the TeV gamma-ray flare was observed in GeV gamma-ray, X-ray, and optical flux, as well as in optical and radio polarization. Additionally, a possible moving emission feature with superluminal apparent velocity was identified in VLBA observations at 43 GHz, potentially passing the radio core of the jet around the time of the gamma-ray flare. We discuss the constraints on the size, Lorentz factor, and location of the emitting region of the flare, and the interpretations with several theoretical models which invoke relativistic plasma passing stationary shocks.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2017

Prototype 9.7 m Schwarzschild-Couder telescope for the Cherenkov Telescope Array: status of the optical system

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is an international project for a next-generation ground-based gamma ray observatory, aiming to improve on the sensitivity of current-generation experiments by an order of magnitude and provide energy coverage from 30 GeV to more than 300 TeV. The 9.7m Schwarzschild-Couder (SC) candidate medium-size telescope for CTA exploits a novel aplanatic two-mirror optical design that provides a large field of view of 8 degrees and substantially improves the off-axis performance giving better angular resolution across all of the field of view with respect to single-mirror telescopes. The realization of the SC optical design implies the challenging production of large aspherical mirrors accompanied by a submillimeter-precision custom alignment system. In this contribution we report on the status of the implementation of the optical system on a prototype 9.7 m SC telescope located at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in southern Arizona.

astro-ph.IM↗
arXiv2017

Discovery of very-high-energy emission from RGB J2243+203 and derivation of its redshift upper limit

Very-high-energy (VHE; $>$ 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from the blazar RGB J2243+203 was discovered with the VERITAS Cherenkov telescope array, during the period between 21 and 24 December 2014. The VERITAS energy spectrum from this source can be fit by a power law with a photon index of $4.6 \pm 0.5$, and a flux normalization at 0.15 TeV of $(6.3 \pm 1.1) \times 10^{-10} ~ \textrm{cm}^{-2} \textrm{s}^{-1} \textrm{TeV}^{-1}$. The integrated \textit{Fermi}-LAT flux from 1 GeV to 100 GeV during the VERITAS detection is $(4.1 \pm 0.8) \times 10^{\textrm{-8}} ~\textrm{cm}^{\textrm{-2}}\textrm{s}^{\textrm{-1}}$, which is an order of magnitude larger than the four-year-averaged flux in the same energy range reported in the 3FGL catalog, ($4.0 \pm 0.1 \times 10^{\textrm{-9}} ~ \textrm{cm}^{\textrm{-2}}\textrm{s}^{\textrm{-1}}$). The detection with VERITAS triggered observations in the X-ray band with the \textit{Swift}-XRT. However, due to scheduling constraints \textit{Swift}-XRT observations were performed 67 hours after the VERITAS detection, not simultaneous with the VERITAS observations. The observed X-ray energy spectrum between 2 keV and 10 keV can be fitted with a power-law with a spectral index of $2.7 \pm 0.2$, and the integrated photon flux in the same energy band is $(3.6 \pm 0.6) \times 10^{-13} ~\textrm{cm}^{-2} \textrm{s}^{-1}$. EBL model-dependent upper limits of the blazar redshift have been derived. Depending on the EBL model used, the upper limit varies in the range from z $<~0.9$ to z $<~1.1$.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2017

Very-High-Energy $γ$-Ray Observations of the Blazar 1ES 2344+514 with VERITAS

We present very-high-energy $γ$-ray observations of the BL Lac object 1ES 2344+514 taken by the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) between 2007 and 2015. 1ES 2344+514 is detected with a statistical significance above background of $20.8σ$ in $47.2$ hours (livetime) of observations, making this the most comprehensive very-high-energy study of 1ES 2344+514 to date. Using these observations the temporal properties of 1ES 2344+514 are studied on short and long times scales. We fit a constant flux model to nightly- and seasonally-binned light curves and apply a fractional variability test, to determine the stability of the source on different timescales. We reject the constant-flux model for the 2007-2008 and 2014-2015 nightly-binned light curves and for the long-term seasonally-binned light curve at the $> 3σ$ level. The spectra of the time-averaged emission before and after correction for attenuation by the extragalactic background light are obtained. The observed time-averaged spectrum above 200 GeV is satisfactorily fitted (${χ^2/NDF = 7.89/6}$) by a power-law function with index $Γ= 2.46 \pm 0.06_{stat} \pm 0.20_{sys} $ and extends to at least 8 TeV. The extragalactic-background-light-deabsorbed spectrum is adequately fit (${χ^2/NDF = 6.73/6}$) by a power-law function with index $Γ= 2.15 \pm 0.06_{stat} \pm 0.20_{sys} $ while an F-test indicates that the power-law with exponential cutoff function provides a marginally-better fit ($χ^2/NDF $ = $2.56 / 5 $) at the 2.1$σ$ level. The source location is found to be consistent with the published radio location and its spatial extent is consistent with a point source.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2016

A Search for Very High-Energy Gamma Rays from the Missing Link Binary Pulsar J1023+0038 with VERITAS

The binary millisecond radio pulsar PSR J1023+0038 exhibits many characteristics similar to the gamma-ray binary system PSR B1259--63/LS 2883, making it an ideal candidate for the study of high-energy non-thermal emission. It has been the subject of multi-wavelength campaigns following the disappearance of the pulsed radio emission in 2013 June, which revealed the appearance of an accretion disk around the neutron star. We present the results of very high-energy gamma-ray observations carried out by VERITAS before and after this change of state. Searches for steady and pulsed emission of both data sets yield no significant gamma-ray signal above 100 GeV, and upper limits are given for both a steady and pulsed gamma-ray flux. These upper limits are used to constrain the magnetic field strength in the shock region of the PSR J1023+0038 system. Assuming that very high-energy gamma rays are produced via an inverse-Compton mechanism in the shock region, we constrain the shock magnetic field to be greater than $\sim$2 G before the disappearance of the radio pulsar and greater than $\sim$10 G afterwards.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2016

VERITAS and Multiwavelength Observations of the BL Lacertae Object 1ES 1741+196

We present results from multiwavelength observations of the BL Lacertae object 1ES 1741+196, including results in the very-high-energy $γ$-ray regime using the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). The VERITAS time-averaged spectrum, measured above 180 GeV, is well-modelled by a power law with a spectral index of $2.7\pm0.7_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm0.2_{\mathrm{syst}}$. The integral flux above 180 GeV is $(3.9\pm0.8_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm1.0_{\mathrm{syst}})\times 10^{-8}$ m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, corresponding to 1.6% of the Crab Nebula flux on average. The multiwavelength spectral energy distribution of the source suggests that 1ES 1741+196 is an extreme-high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object. The observations analysed in this paper extend over a period of six years, during which time no strong flares were observed in any band. This analysis is therefore one of the few characterizations of a blazar in a non-flaring state.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2016

A Search for Brief Optical Flashes Associated with the SETI Target KIC 8462852

The F-type star KIC 8462852 has recently been identified as an exceptional target for SETI (search for extraterrestrial intelligence) observations. We describe an analysis methodology for optical SETI, which we have used to analyse nine hours of serendipitous archival observations of KIC 8462852 made with the VERITAS gamma-ray observatory between 2009 and 2015. No evidence of pulsed optical beacons, above a pulse intensity at the Earth of approximately 1 photon per m^2, is found. We also discuss the potential use of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope arrays in searching for extremely short duration optical transients in general.

astro-ph.IM↗
arXiv2015

Gamma rays from the quasar PKS 1441+25: story of an escape

Outbursts from gamma-ray quasars provide insights on the relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei and constraints on the diffuse radiation fields that fill the Universe. The detection of significant emission above 100 GeV from a distant quasar would show that some of the radiated gamma rays escape pair-production interactions with low-energy photons, be it the extragalactic background light (EBL), or the radiation near the supermassive black hole lying at the jet's base. VERITAS detected gamma-ray emission up to 200 GeV from PKS 1441+25 (z=0.939) during April 2015, a period of high activity across all wavelengths. This observation of PKS 1441+25 suggests that the emission region is located thousands of Schwarzschild radii away from the black hole. The gamma-ray detection also sets a stringent upper limit on the near-ultraviolet to near-infrared EBL intensity, suggesting that galaxy surveys have resolved most, if not all, of the sources of the EBL at these wavelengths.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2015

Construction of a medium-sized Schwarzschild-Couder telescope as a candidate for the Cherenkov Telescope Array: development of the optical alignment system

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is an international project for a next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory. CTA, conceived as an array of tens of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, comprising small, medium and large-size telescopes, is aiming to improve on the sensitivity of current-generation experiments by an order of magnitude and provide energy coverage from 20 GeV to more than 300 TeV. The Schwarzschild-Couder (SC) medium-size candidate telescope model features a novel aplanatic two-mirror optical design capable of a wide field-of-view with significantly improved imaging resolution as compared to the traditional Davis-Cotton optics design. Achieving this imaging resolution imposes strict alignment requirements to be accomplished by a dedicated alignment system. In this contribution we present the status of the development of the SC optical alignment system, soon to be materialized in a full-scale prototype SC medium-size telescope at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in southern Arizona.

astro-ph.IM↗