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A. S. Barabash

Publications and source records attributed to A. S. Barabash.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

A CUPID Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometer tested in the CROSS underground facility

A scintillating bolometer based on a large cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal (45 mm side) and a Ge wafer (scintillation detector) has been operated in the CROSS cryogenic facility at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. The dual-readout detector is a prototype of the technology that will be used in the next-generation $0\nu2β$ experiment CUPID. The measurements were performed at 18 and 12 mK temperature in a pulse tube dilution refrigerator. This setup utilizes the same technology as the CUORE cryostat that will host CUPID and so represents an accurate estimation of the expected performance. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer shows a high energy resolution of 6 keV FWHM at the 2615 keV $γ$ line. The detection of scintillation light for each event triggered by the Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer allowed for a full separation ($\sim$8$σ$) between $γ$($β$) and $α$ events above 2 MeV. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal also shows a high internal radiopurity with $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra activities of less than 3 and 8 $μ$Bq/kg, respectively. Taking also into account the advantage of a more compact and massive detector array, which can be made of cubic-shaped crystals (compared to the cylindrical ones), this test demonstrates the great potential of cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers for high-sensitivity searches for the $^{100}$Mo $0\nu2β$ decay in CROSS and CUPID projects.

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Search for Periodic Modulations of the Rate of Double-Beta Decay of $^{100}$Mo in the NEMO-3 Detector

Double-beta decays of $^{100}$Mo from the 6.0195-year exposure of a 6.914 kg high-purity sample were recorded by the NEMO-3 experiment that searched for neutrinoless double-beta decays. These ultra-rare transitions to $^{100}$Ru have a half-life of approximately $7\times10^{18}$ years, and have been used to conduct the first ever search for periodic variations of this decay mode. The Lomb-Scargle periodogram technique, and its error-weighted extension, were employed to look for periodic modulations of the half-life. Monte Carlo modeling was used to study the modulation sensitivity of the data over a broad range of amplitudes and frequencies. Data show no evidence of modulations with amplitude greater than 2.5% in the frequency range of $0.33225\,{\rm y^{-1}}$ to $365.25\,{\rm y^{-1}}$.

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Improved limits on $β^+$EC and ECEC processes in $^{74}$Se

New limits on $β^+$EC and ECEC processes in $^{74}$Se have been obtained using a 600 cm$^3$ HPGe detector and an external source consisting of 1600 g of a natural selenium powder. For different $β^+$EC and ECEC transitions (to the ground and excited states) obtained limits are on the level $\sim (0.2-4.8)\times10^{19}$ yr at 90\% C.L. In particular, for the potentially resonant transition into the 1204.2 keV excited state of $^{74}$Ge a lower half-life limit of $1.1\times10^{19}$ yr at 90\% C.L. has been obtained. Possibility to increase the sensitivity of such measurements is discussed.

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Search for the double-beta decay of 82Se to the excited states of 82Kr with NEMO-3

The double-beta decay of 82Se to the 0+1 excited state of 82Kr has been studied with the NEMO-3 detector using 0.93 kg of enriched 82Se measured for 4.75 y, corresponding to an exposure of 4.42 kg y. A dedicated analysis to reconstruct the gamma-rays has been performed to search for events in the 2e2g channel. No evidence of a 2nbb decay to the 0+1 state has been observed and a limit of T2n 1/2(82Se; 0+gs -> 0+1) > 1.3 1021 y at 90% CL has been set. Concerning the 0nbb decay to the 0+1 state, a limit for this decay has been obtained with T0n 1/2(82Se; 0+g s -> 0+1) > 2.3 1022 y at 90% CL, independently from the 2nbb decay process. These results are obtained for the first time with a tracko-calo detector, reconstructing every particle in the final state.

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Precise measurement of $2νββ$ decay of $^{100}$Mo with the CUPID-Mo detection technology

We report the measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta ($2νββ$) decay of $^{100}$Mo to the ground state of $^{100}$Ru using lithium molybdate (\crystal) scintillating bolometers. The detectors were developed for the CUPID-Mo program and operated at the EDELWEISS-III low background facility in the Modane underground laboratory. From a total exposure of $42.235$ kg$\times$d, the half-life of $^{100}$Mo is determined to be $T_{1/2}^{2ν}=[7.12^{+0.18}_{-0.14}\,\mathrm{(stat.)}\pm0.10\,\mathrm{(syst.)}]\times10^{18}$ years. This is the most accurate determination of the $2νββ$ half-life of $^{100}$Mo to date. We also confirm, with the statistical significance of $>3σ$, that the single-state dominance model of the $2νββ$ decay of $^{100}$Mo is favored over the high-state dominance model.

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A Low Energy Rare Event Search with the Majorana Demonstrator

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is sensitive to rare events near its energy threshold, including bosonic dark matter, solar axions, and lightly ionizing particles. In this analysis, a novel training set of low energy small-angle Compton scatter events is used to determine the efficiency of pulse shape analysis cuts, and we present updated bosonic dark matter and solar axion results from an 11.17 kg-y dataset using a 5 keV analysis threshold.

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Results of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR's Search for Double-Beta Decay of $^{76}$Ge to Excited States of $^{76}$Se

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is searching for double-beta decay of $^{76}$Ge to excited states (E.S.) in $^{76}$Se using a modular array of high purity Germanium detectors. $^{76}$Ge can decay into three E.S.s of $^{76}$Se. The E.S. decays have a clear event signature consisting of a $ββ$-decay with the prompt emission of one or two $γ$-rays, resulting in with high probability in a multi-site event. The granularity of the DEMONSTRATOR detector array enables powerful discrimination of this event signature from backgrounds. Using 21.3 kg-y of isotopic exposure, the DEMONSTRATOR has set world leading limits for each E.S. decay, with 90% CL lower half-life limits in the range of $(0.56-2.1)\cdot10^{24}$ y. In particular, for the $2ν$ transition to the first $0^+$ E.S. of $^{76}$Se, a lower half-life limit of $0.68\cdot10^{24}$ at 90% CL was achieved.

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First data from the CUPID-Mo neutrinoless double beta decay experiment

The CUPID-Mo experiment is searching for neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{100}$Mo, evaluating the technology of cryogenic scintillating Li$_{2}^{100}$MoO$_4$ detectors for CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle ID). CUPID-Mo detectors feature background suppression using a dual-readout scheme with Li$_{2}$MoO$_4$ crystals complemented by Ge bolometers for light detection. The detection of both heat and scintillation light signals allows the efficient discrimination of $α$ from $γ$&$β$ events. In this proceedings, we discuss results from the first 2 months of data taking in spring 2019. In addition to an excellent bolometric performance of 6.7$\,$keV (FWHM) at 2615$\,$keV and an $α$ separation of better than 99.9\% for all detectors, we report on bulk radiopurity for Th and U. Finally, we interpret the accumulated physics data in terms of a limit of $T_{1/2}^{0ν}\,> 3\times10^{23}\,$yr for $^{100}$Mo and discuss the sensitivity of CUPID-Mo until the expected end of physics data taking in early 2020.

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Search for triple and quadruple beta decay of $^{150}$Nd

Triple beta decay of $^{150}$Nd to the ground and excited states of $^{150}$Eu and quadruple beta decay of $^{150}$Nd to the excited states of $^{150}$Gd have been studied using a 400 cm$^3$ low-background HPGe detector and an external source consisting of 3046 g of natural Nd$_2$O$_3$ powder. A half-life limit for the quadruple beta decay to the 0$_1^+$ state of $^{150}$Gd was found to be $T_{1/2} (0ν+4ν) > 8.7\times10^{20}$ yr (90\% C.L.). For other (0$ν$+4$ν$) transitions to the 2$_1^+$, 3$_1^-$, 4$^+_1$, 2$_2^+$ and 2$^+_3$ excited states limits for the first time have been obtained at the level of $(6.1-9.5)\times10^{20}$ yr (90\% C.L.). We report here also the results for the first search for triple beta decay to the ground and excited final states of $^{150}$Eu. We find no evidence of this decay and set lower limits on the half-life in the range $T_{1/2} (0ν+3ν) > (0.04-4.8)\times10^{20}$ yr (90\% C.L.).

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The $0\nu2β$-decay CROSS experiment: preliminary results and prospects

Neutrinoless double-beta decay is a key process in particle physics. Its experimental investigation is the only viable method that can establish the Majorana nature of neutrinos, providing at the same time a sensitive inclusive test of lepton number violation. CROSS (Cryogenic Rare-event Observatory with Surface Sensitivity) aims at developing and testing a new bolometric technology to be applied to future large-scale experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay of the promising nuclei $^{100}$Mo and $^{130}$Te. The limiting factor in large-scale bolometric searches for this rare process is the background induced by surface radioactive contamination, as shown by the results of the CUORE experiment. The basic concept of CROSS consists of rejecting this challenging background component by pulse-shape discrimination, assisted by a proper coating of the faces of the crystal containing the isotope of interest and serving as energy absorber of the bolometric detector. In this paper, we demonstrate that ultra-pure superconductive Al films deposited on the crystal surfaces act successfully as pulse-shape modifiers, both with fast and slow phonon sensors. Rejection factors higher than 99.9% of $α$ surface radioactivity have been demonstrated in a series of prototypes based on crystals of Li$_2$MoO$_4$ and TeO$_2$. We have also shown that point-like energy depositions can be identified up to a distance of $\sim 1$ mm from the coated surface. The present program envisions an intermediate experiment to be installed underground in the Canfranc laboratory (Spain) in a CROSS-dedicated facility. This experiment, comprising $\sim 3\times 10^{25}$ nuclei of $^{100}$Mo, will be a general test of the CROSS technology as well as a worldwide competitive search for neutrinoless double-beta decay, with sensitivity to the effective Majorana mass down to 70 meV in the most favorable conditions.

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The CUPID-Mo experiment for neutrinoless double-beta decay: performance and prospects

CUPID-Mo is a bolometric experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0νββ$) of $^{100}$Mo. In this article, we detail the CUPID-Mo detector concept, assembly, installation in the underground laboratory in Modane in 2018, and provide results from the first datasets. The demonstrator consists of an array of 20 scintillating bolometers comprised of $^{100}$Mo-enriched 0.2 kg Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals. The detectors are complemented by 20 thin cryogenic Ge bolometers acting as light detectors to distinguish $α$ from $γ$/$β$ events by the detection of both heat and scintillation light signals. We observe good detector uniformity, facilitating the operation of a large detector array as well as excellent energy resolution of 5.3 keV (6.5 keV) FWHM at 2615 keV, in calibration (physics) data. Based on the observed energy resolutions and light yields a separation of $α$ particles at much better than 99.9\% with equally high acceptance for $γ$/$β$ events is expected for events in the region of interest for $^{100}$Mo $0νββ$. We present limits on the crystals' radiopurity ($\leq$3 $μ$Bq/kg of $^{226}$Ra and $\leq$2 $μ$Bq/kg of $^{232}$Th). Based on these initial results we also discuss a sensitivity study for the science reach of the CUPID-Mo experiment, in particular, the ability to set the most stringent half-life limit on the $^{100}$Mo $0νββ$ decay after half a year of livetime. The achieved results show that CUPID-Mo is a successful demonstrator of the technology - developed in the framework of the LUMINEU project - selected for the CUPID experiment, a proposed follow-up of CUORE, the currently running first tonne-scale cryogenic $0νββ$ experiment.

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Average and recommended half-life values for two-neutrino double beta decay: upgrade-2019

All existing positive results on two neutrino double beta decay and two neutrino double electron capture in different nuclei were analyzed. Using the procedure recommended by the Particle Data Group, weighted average values for half-lives of $^{48}$Ca, $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{100}$Mo - $^{100}$Ru ($0^+_1$), $^{116}$Cd, $^{130}$Te, $^{136}$Xe, $^{150}$Nd, $^{150}$Nd - $^{150}$Sm ($0^+_1$), $^{238}$U, $^{78}$Kr and $^{124}$Xe were obtained. Existing geochemical data were analyzed and recommended values for half-lives of $^{128}$Te and $^{130}$Ba are proposed. I recommend the use of these results as the most currently reliable values for half-lives.

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Detailed studies of $^{100}$Mo two-neutrino double beta decay in NEMO-3

The full data set of the NEMO-3 experiment has been used to measure the half-life of the two-neutrino double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo to the ground state of $^{100}$Ru, $T_{1/2} = \left[ 6.81 \pm 0.01\,\left(\mbox{stat}\right) ^{+0.38}_{-0.40}\,\left(\mbox{syst}\right) \right] \times10^{18}$ y. The two-electron energy sum, single electron energy spectra and distribution of the angle between the electrons are presented with an unprecedented statistics of $5\times10^5$ events and a signal-to-background ratio of ~80. Clear evidence for the Single State Dominance model is found for this nuclear transition. Limits on Majoron emitting neutrinoless double beta decay modes with spectral indices of n=2,3,7, as well as constraints on Lorentz invariance violation and on the bosonic neutrino contribution to the two-neutrino double beta decay mode are obtained.

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Search for Tri-Nucleon Decay in the Majorana Demonstrator

The Majorana Demonstrator is an ultra low-background experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{76}$Ge. The heavily shielded array of germanium detectors, placed nearly a mile underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, also allows searches for new exotic physics. We present the first limits for tri-nucleon decay-specific modes and invisible decay modes for Ge isotopes. We find a half-life limit of $4.9 \times 10^{25}$ yr for the decay $^{76}{\rm Ge(ppn)} \to {}^{73}{\rm Zn}\ e^+π^+$ and $4.7\times10^{25}$ yr for the decay $^{76}{\rm Ge(ppp)} \to ^{73}{\rm Cu}\ e^+π^+π^+$. The half-life limit for the invisible tri-proton decay mode of $^{76}$Ge was found to be $7.5\times10^{24}$ yr.

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A Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay in $^{76}$Ge with 26 kg-yr of Exposure from the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

The MAJORANA Collaboration is operating an array of high purity Ge detectors to search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{76}$Ge. The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR consists of 44.1 kg of Ge detectors (29.7 kg enriched to 88% in $^{76}$Ge) split between two modules constructed from ultra-clean materials. Both modules are contained in a low-background shield at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. We present updated results on the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{76}$Ge with $26.0\pm0.5$ kg-yr of enriched exposure. With the DEMONSTRATOR's unprecedented energy resolution of 2.53 keV FWHM at $Q_{ββ}$, we observe one event in the region of interest with 0.65 events expected from the estimated background, resulting in a lower limit on the $^{76}$Ge neutrinoless double-beta decay half-life of $2.7\times10^{25}$ yr (90% CL) with a median sensitivity of $4.8\times10^{25}$ yr (90% CL). Depending on the matrix elements used, a 90% CL upper limit on the effective Majorana neutrino mass in the range of 200-433 meV is obtained. The measured background in the low-background configurations is $11.9\pm2.0$ counts/(FWHM t yr).

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Possibilities of future double beta decay experiments to investigate inverted and normal ordering region of neutrino mass

An overview of modern experiments on the search for neutrinoless double decay is presented. The obtained limits on the effective mass of the Majorana neutrino $\langle m_ν \rangle$ are discussed taking into account the uncertainties in the value of the nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) and the value of the axial-vector constant $g_A$. Predictions for the values of $\langle m_ν \rangle$ from the results of oscillation experiments and modern cosmological data are presented. The possibilities of the next generation experiments with sensitivity to $\langle m_ν \rangle$ at the level of $\sim$ 10-50 meV (studying mainly the inverted ordering (IO) region) are discussed. %Description of the most developed and promising projects is presented. The prospects for studying the normal ordering (NO) region are discussed too. It is shown that the possibilities of studying the NO depend on the mass of the lightest neutrino m$_0$. In the limiting case of small mass (m$_0$ $\le$ 0.1 meV), the values of $\langle m_ν \rangle$ $\approx$ 1-4 meV are predicted, which makes the study of this region inaccessible by the next generation experiments. But there is an allowed region of m$_0$ (7-30 meV) in the framework of NO, where the predicted values for $\langle m_ν \rangle$ could be $\sim$ 10-30 meV and that is quite achievable for the next generation experiments. The possibility to rich in the future sensitivity to $\langle m_ν \rangle$ at the level of $\sim$ 1-10 meV is also discussed.

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Multi-site event discrimination for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 76Ge using arrays of point-contact germanium detectors operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. Background results in the neutrinoless double-beta decay region of interest from data taken during construction, commissioning, and the start of full operations have been recently published. A pulse shape analysis cut applied to achieve this result, named AvsE, is described in this paper. This cut is developed to remove events whose waveforms are typical of multi-site energy deposits while retaining (90 +/- 3.5)% of single-site events. This pulse shape discrimination is based on the relationship between the maximum current and energy, and tuned using 228Th calibration source data. The efficiency uncertainty accounts for variation across detectors, energy, and time, as well as for the position distribution difference between calibration and $0νββ$ events, established using simulations.

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Recent results from the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is an experiment constructed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{76}$Ge and to demonstrate the feasibility to deploy a large-scale experiment in a phased and modular fashion. It consists of two modules of natural and $^{76}$Ge-enriched germanium detectors totalling 44.1 kg, operating at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. Commissioning of the experiment began in June 2015, followed by data production with the full detector array in August 2016. The ultra-low background and record energy resolution achieved by the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR enable a sensitive neutrinoless double-beta decay search, as well as additional searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. I will discuss the design elements that enable these searches, along with the latest results, focusing on the neutrinoless double-beta decay search. I will also discuss the current status and the future plans of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, as well as the plans for a future tonne-scale $^{76}$Ge experiment.

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